Research and Evaluation Division, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK.
Research and Evaluation Division, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK; National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing Research, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
Public Health. 2024 Nov;236:452-458. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.08.015. Epub 2024 Sep 24.
The study's aim was to explore the prevalence of precarious employment (PE) in Wales prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and examine associations with PE domains across socio-demographics and self-reported health.
A cross-sectional design was used to explore the prevalence of PE in Wales prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, in February 2020.
Data were collected from a national household survey carried out in May/June 2020, with a sample of 1032 residents in Wales. PE was determined using the Employment Precariousness Scale. Associations between experiencing PE and socio-demographic/health characteristics were examined using Chi-squared tests and logistic regression models (multinomial and binary).
Overall, before the pandemic, one in four respondents (26.5%) was in PE, with the most prevalent domains, wages, and disempowerment being experienced by at least 50% of respondents. Worse perceived treatment at work was twice as likely in those reporting pre-existing conditions (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.45 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.33-4.49]), poorer general health (aOR: 2.33 95% CI: [1.22-4.47]), or low mental wellbeing (aOR: 2.81 95% CI: [1.34-5.88]). Those with high wage precariousness were three times more likely to report low mental wellbeing (aOR 3.12 95% CI [1.54-6.32]).
The creation and provision of secure, adequately paid job opportunities has the potential to reduce the prevalence of PE in Wales. Targeting such employment opportunities to those people currently unwell would have better population health gains.
本研究旨在探讨新冠疫情前威尔士脆弱就业（PE）的流行情况，并分析其与社会人口统计学特征和自我报告健康状况之间的关系。
本研究采用横断面设计，于 2020 年 2 月在新冠疫情前调查威尔士脆弱就业的流行情况。
数据来自 2020 年 5 月/6 月进行的一项全国性家庭调查，样本来自威尔士的 1032 名居民。采用就业脆弱性量表（Employment Precariousness Scale）确定脆弱就业情况。采用卡方检验和逻辑回归模型（多项和二项）分析经历脆弱就业与社会人口统计学/健康特征之间的关系。
总体而言，在疫情前，四分之一的受访者（26.5%）处于脆弱就业状态，其中工资和赋权不足是经历比例最高的两个领域，至少有 50%的受访者经历了这两个领域的问题。与没有预先存在疾病的受访者相比，报告有预先存在疾病的受访者在工作中受到较差待遇的可能性增加了两倍（调整后的优势比[aOR]：2.45，95%置信区间[CI]：[1.33-4.49]），一般健康状况较差（aOR：2.33，95% CI：[1.22-4.47]）或心理健康状况较差（aOR：2.81，95% CI：[1.34-5.88]）。高工资脆弱性的受访者报告心理健康状况较差的可能性增加了三倍（aOR 3.12，95% CI [1.54-6.32]）。
创造和提供安全、有足够报酬的就业机会有可能降低威尔士脆弱就业的流行率。将此类就业机会针对目前身体不适的人群，将对人群健康带来更大的收益。
