Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada.
Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Can J Public Health. 2021 Jun;112(3):391-399. doi: 10.17269/s41997-020-00472-6. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
The COVID-19 pandemic has generated multiple psychological stressors, which may increase the prevalence of depressive symptoms. Utilizing Canadian survey data, this study assessed household- and employment-related risk factors for depressive symptoms during the pandemic.
A sample of 1005 English-speaking Canadian adults aged 18+ years completed a web-based survey after physical distancing measures were implemented across Canada. Hierarchical binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations of depressive symptoms with household- (household size, presence of children, residence locale) and employment-related (job with high risk of COVID-19 exposure, working from home, laid off/not working, financial worry) risk factors, controlling for demographic factors (gender, age, education, income).
About 20.4% of the sample reported depressive symptoms at least 3 days per week. The odds of experiencing depressive symptoms 3+ days in the past week were higher among women (AOR = 1.67, p = 0.002) and younger adults (18-29 years AOR = 2.62, p < 0.001). After adjusting for demographic variables, the odds of experiencing depressive symptoms were higher in households with 4+ persons (AOR = 1.88, p = 0.01), in households with children aged 6 to 12 years (AOR = 1.98, p = 0.02), among those with a job at high risk for exposure to COVID-19 (AOR = 1.82, p = 0.01), and those experiencing financial worry due to COVID-19 ('very worried' AOR = 8.00, p < 0.001).
Pandemic responses must include resources for mental health interventions. Additionally, further research is needed to track mental health trajectories and inform the development, targeting, and implementation of appropriate mental health prevention and treatment interventions.
新冠疫情带来了多种心理压力源，可能会增加抑郁症状的发生率。本研究利用加拿大调查数据，评估了疫情期间与家庭和就业相关的抑郁症状风险因素。
1005 名年龄在 18 岁及以上、讲英语的加拿大成年人在加拿大实施社交距离措施后完成了一项网络调查。采用分层二项逻辑回归分析，检验与家庭（家庭规模、儿童存在、居住地点）和就业相关（有感染新冠病毒高风险的工作、在家工作、下岗/不工作、经济担忧）风险因素与抑郁症状之间的关联，控制了人口统计学因素（性别、年龄、教育程度、收入）。
大约 20.4%的样本报告每周至少有 3 天出现抑郁症状。与女性（优势比[OR] = 1.67，p = 0.002）和年轻成年人（18-29 岁 OR = 2.62，p < 0.001）相比，过去一周有 3 天或以上出现抑郁症状的可能性更高。在调整了人口统计学变量后，家庭人口超过 4 人（OR = 1.88，p = 0.01）、有 6 至 12 岁儿童的家庭（OR = 1.98，p = 0.02）、从事感染新冠病毒高风险工作的人群（OR = 1.82，p = 0.01）和因新冠疫情而感到经济担忧的人群（非常担忧 OR = 8.00，p < 0.001）出现抑郁症状的可能性更高。
大流行应对措施必须包括心理健康干预措施的资源。此外，需要进一步研究来跟踪心理健康轨迹，并为适当的心理健康预防和治疗干预措施的制定、定位和实施提供信息。
