Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
J Psychiatr Res. 2024 Nov;179:244-256. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.022. Epub 2024 Sep 20.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating kind of dementia that is becoming more common worldwide. Toxic amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregates are the primary cause of AD onset and development. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have received a lot of interest in AD therapy over the last decade because of their ability to redirect the Aβ fibrillation process and improve associated brain dysfunction. The potential diagnostic application of SPIONs in AD has dramatically increased this interest. Furthermore, surface-modified engineered SPIONs function as drug carriers to improve the efficacy of current therapies. Various preclinical and clinical studies on the role of SPIONs in AD pathology have produced encouraging results. However, due to their physicochemical properties (e.g., size, surface charge, and particle concentration) in the biological milieu, SPIONs may play the role of a preventive or accelerative agent in AD. Even though SPIONs are potential therapeutic and diagnostic options in AD, significant efforts are still needed to overcome the inconsistencies and safety concerns. This review evaluated the current understanding of how various SPIONs interact with AD models and explored the discrepancies in their efficacy and safety.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种严重的痴呆症，在全球范围内变得越来越普遍。有毒的淀粉样β（Aβ）聚集体是 AD 发病和发展的主要原因。超顺磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒（SPIONs）在过去十年中因其能够改变 Aβ纤维形成过程并改善相关脑功能障碍而在 AD 治疗中受到广泛关注。SPIONs 在 AD 中的潜在诊断应用极大地增加了人们的兴趣。此外，经过表面修饰的工程化 SPIONs 可用作药物载体，以提高现有疗法的疗效。关于 SPIONs 在 AD 病理学中的作用的各种临床前和临床研究已经取得了令人鼓舞的结果。然而，由于其在生物环境中的物理化学性质（例如，大小、表面电荷和颗粒浓度），SPIONs 可能在 AD 中发挥预防或加速剂的作用。尽管 SPIONs 是 AD 中的潜在治疗和诊断选择，但仍需要做出重大努力来克服不一致性和安全问题。本综述评估了目前对各种 SPIONs 与 AD 模型相互作用的理解，并探讨了它们在疗效和安全性方面的差异。
