Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2024 Dec;82:102543. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102543. Epub 2024 Sep 24.
The widespread family of Rrf2 transcription factors has emerged as having prominent roles in diverse bacterial functions. These proteins share an overall common structure to sense and respond to stress signals. In many known cases, signaling occurs through iron-sulfur cluster cofactors. Recent research has highlighted distinct characteristics of individual family members that have enabled the Rrf2 family as a whole to sense a diverse array of stresses and subsequently alter gene expression to maintain homeostasis. Here, we review unique traits of four Rrf2 family members (IscR, NsrR, RisR, and RirA), which include iron-sulfur ligation schemes, stress-sensing mechanisms, protein conformation changes, and differential gene regulation, that allow these transcription factors to rapidly respond to environmental cues routinely encountered by bacteria.
Rrf2 转录因子家族广泛存在，在各种细菌功能中具有突出作用。这些蛋白质具有共同的整体结构，用于感知和响应应激信号。在许多已知情况下，信号传递是通过铁硫簇辅因子进行的。最近的研究强调了个别家族成员的独特特征，这使得整个 Rrf2 家族能够感知多种多样的应激，并随后改变基因表达以维持体内平衡。在这里，我们回顾了四个 Rrf2 家族成员（IscR、NsrR、RisR 和 RirA）的独特特征，包括铁硫键合方案、应激感应机制、蛋白质构象变化和差异基因调控，这些特征使这些转录因子能够快速响应细菌经常遇到的环境线索。
