Université de Lyon, F-69622 Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; Université Gustave Eiffel, UMR_T9406, LBMC Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs, F-69675 Bron, France.
Université de Lyon, F-69622 Lyon, France; Université Gustave Eiffel, LESCOT Laboratoire Ergonomie et Sciences Cognitives pour les Transports, F-69675 Bron, France.
Accid Anal Prev. 2024 Dec;208:107793. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2024.107793. Epub 2024 Sep 25.
In spite of the advancement in driving automation, driver's ability to resume manual control from a conditionally automated vehicle appears as a safety concern. Understanding the impact of various non-driving related tasks (NDRT) on takeover performance is crucial for the development of advanced driver assistance systems. The aim of this study was to investigate how the takeover performance was impacted by non-driving related postures when engaging in different NDRTs. A same takeover scenario with SAE automation level 3 requiring emergency braking was deployed for all test conditions on a static driving simulator under different time budgets. Reaction times, pedal movement and takeover quality were collected from 54 drivers (mean age 34.5 years, 27 females) taking over from two reference postures and 21 non-driving related postures. Results showed that drivers reacted faster given a shorter time budget. Non-driving related postures were found to prolong the takeover time and deteriorate the takeover quality. In particular, the postures with abnormal right foot positions, big trunk deviations and both hands occupation much lowered motoric readiness. Results also revealed that when driver's upper body was engaged in abnormal postures, driver's lower body would react slower, and vice versa. In addition, drivers' takeover performance was affected by their individual reaction capacity, which demonstrated a range of variation. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
尽管驾驶自动化技术不断发展，但驾驶员从条件自动化车辆恢复手动控制的能力仍然是一个安全隐患。了解各种非驾驶相关任务（NDRT）对接管性能的影响对于先进驾驶辅助系统的发展至关重要。本研究旨在探讨在进行不同 NDRT 时，非驾驶相关姿势对接管性能的影响。在静态驾驶模拟器上，根据不同的时间预算，为所有测试条件部署了相同的接管场景，要求进行紧急制动，自动化水平为 SAE 3 级。从 54 名驾驶员（平均年龄 34.5 岁，女性 27 名）中收集了反应时间、踏板运动和接管质量，这些驾驶员从两个参考姿势和 21 个非驾驶相关姿势中接管车辆。结果表明，在时间预算较短的情况下，驾驶员的反应速度更快。非驾驶相关姿势会延长接管时间并降低接管质量。特别是，右脚位置异常、躯干大幅倾斜以及双手占用的姿势大大降低了运动准备。结果还表明，当驾驶员的上半身处于异常姿势时，其下半身的反应会变慢，反之亦然。此外，驾驶员的接管性能还受到其个体反应能力的影响，表现出一定的变化范围。讨论了研究结果的理论和实际意义。
