Division of Brain Sciences, Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK,
Division of Brain Sciences, Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK.
Eur Addict Res. 2024;30(5):302-320. doi: 10.1159/000540062. Epub 2024 Sep 25.
Psychedelic substance use in ritualistic and ceremonial settings dates back as early as 8,500 BCE. Only in recent years, from the mid-20th century, we have seen the re-emergence of psychedelics in a therapeutic setting and more specifically for the treatment of addiction. This article aims to review research over the past 40 years using classic (psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], dimethyltryptamine [DMT], mescaline) and atypical (ketamine, ibogaine, 5-MeO-DMT, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) psychedelics for the treatment of addiction.
We will start with an overview of the pharmacology and physiological and psychological properties of psychedelic substances from pre-clinical and clinical research. We will then provide an overview of evidence gathered by studies conducted in controlled research environments and naturalistic and ceremonial settings, while we identify the proposed therapeutic mechanisms of each psychedelic substance.
Classic and atypical psychedelics show promise as therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of addiction, through the improvement of psychological and physiological symptoms of dependence. A more comprehensive understanding of the ancient and present-day knowledge of the therapeutic potential of psychedelics can facilitate hope for psychedelic therapeutics in the treatment of addiction, especially for individuals who have failed other conventional treatment methods.
仪式和典礼中使用迷幻药物的历史可以追溯到公元前 8500 年。直到最近几十年，从 20 世纪中期开始，我们才看到迷幻药物在治疗环境中重新出现，特别是用于治疗成瘾。本文旨在回顾过去 40 年使用经典（裸盖菇素、麦角酸二乙酰胺[LSD]、二甲色胺[DMT]、三甲氧苯乙胺[mescaline]）和非典型（氯胺酮、伊博加因、5-MeO-DMT、3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺）迷幻药物治疗成瘾的研究。
我们将首先概述迷幻药物的药理学和生理心理特性，从临床前和临床研究中获得。然后，我们将概述在受控研究环境和自然及仪式环境中进行的研究中收集的证据，同时确定每种迷幻药物的拟议治疗机制。
经典和非典型迷幻药物显示出作为治疗成瘾的替代疗法的潜力，通过改善依赖的心理和生理症状。更全面地了解迷幻药物的古代和现代治疗潜力的知识，可以为迷幻药物治疗在治疗成瘾方面带来希望，特别是对于那些已经尝试过其他常规治疗方法的人。
