Lv Zheng, Liu Guozhen, Wang Zhiyong, Gao Yilin, Lu Wei, Wei Jiazhen, Zhang Linghui, Wang Pengfei, Yan Ying, Shi Yantao, Bian Jiming
Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2024 Oct 9;16(40):54272-54281. doi: 10.1021/acsami.4c14300. Epub 2024 Sep 27.
The inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are gaining increasing attention recently for their unprecedented advantages, such as better integration with tandem and flexible designs, negligible hysteresis, good operational stability, and compatibility with commercially scalable fabrication approaches. Nickel oxide (NiOx) films prepared by magnetron sputtering technology exhibit excellent scalability and reproducibility, which could well meet the requirements of the large-scale production of inverted PSCs. However, NiOx prepared by vacuum methods generally has fewer surface hydroxyl groups, deteriorating the wettability and damaging the interface contact with the perovskite. Particularly, the Ni defects on the NiOx surface could lead to unfavorable redox reactions with organic cations in the perovskite under high temperatures, promoting the rapid degradation of the perovskite. Thus, surface regulation of sputtered NiOx is imperative for high-performance PSCs. Herein, 4-(trifluoromethyl) phenylcarbamate hydrochloride (TFFA) was used to regulate the surface properties of sputtered NiOx. The strongly electronegative F ions in TFFA passivated the Ni defects on the NiOx surface, suppressed unfavorable interface reactions, and improved charge recombination. The polar ammonium functional group was used to adjust the surface energy of NiOx, thereby improving the wettability and optimizing the crystallization kinetics of the perovskite. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs reached 22.76%, which was among the highest PCEs reported for sputtered NiOx-based inverted PSCs to date. Moreover, the unencapsulated target devices exhibited better stability, maintaining over 85% of the initial PCE after aging for approximately 1200 h in a N environment. Our achievements pointed out a practical strategy for enhancing the performance of sputtered NiOx-based inverted PSCs, which could potentially accelerate the development and application of large-area PSCs.
近年来，倒置钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）因其前所未有的优势而受到越来越多的关注，例如与串联和柔性设计更好的集成性、可忽略的滞后现象、良好的运行稳定性以及与商业可扩展制造方法的兼容性。通过磁控溅射技术制备的氧化镍（NiOx）薄膜具有出色的可扩展性和可重复性，能够很好地满足大规模生产倒置PSCs的要求。然而，通过真空方法制备的NiOx表面羟基通常较少，这会降低润湿性并破坏与钙钛矿的界面接触。特别是，NiOx表面的Ni缺陷可能导致在高温下与钙钛矿中的有机阳离子发生不利的氧化还原反应，从而促进钙钛矿的快速降解。因此，对溅射NiOx进行表面调控对于高性能PSCs来说势在必行。在此，使用4-（三氟甲基）苯基氨基甲酸盐盐酸盐（TFFA）来调控溅射NiOx的表面性质。TFFA中强电负性的F离子钝化了NiOx表面的Ni缺陷，抑制了不利的界面反应，并改善了电荷复合。极性铵官能团用于调节NiOx的表面能，从而提高润湿性并优化钙钛矿的结晶动力学。结果，PSCs的功率转换效率（PCE）达到了22.76%，这是迄今为止报道的基于溅射NiOx的倒置PSCs中最高的PCE之一。此外，未封装的目标器件表现出更好的稳定性，在N环境中老化约1200小时后，仍保持初始PCE的85%以上。我们的成果指出了一种提高基于溅射NiOx的倒置PSCs性能的实用策略，这可能会加速大面积PSCs的开发和应用。
