Chen Zengshuang, Xie Yuxin, Meng Xueguang
State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Biomimetics (Basel). 2024 Sep 19;9(9):565. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics9090565.
Dragonflies can independently control the movement of their forewing and hindwing to achieve the desired flight. In comparison with previous studies that mostly considered the same kinematics of the fore- and hindwings, this paper focuses on the aerodynamic interference of three-dimensional tandem flapping wings when the forewing kinematics is different from that of the hindwing. The effects of flapping amplitude (), flapping mean angle (ϕ1¯), and pitch rotation duration (Δ) of the forewing, together with wing spacing () are examined numerically. The results show that and ϕ1¯ have a significant effect on the aerodynamic forces of the individual and tandem systems, but Δ has little effect. At a small , a smaller , or larger ϕ1¯ of the forewing can increase the overall aerodynamic force, but at a large , smaller or larger ϕ1¯ can actually decrease the force. The flow field analysis shows that and ϕ1¯ primarily alter the extent of the impact of the previously revealed narrow channel effect, downwash effect, and wake capture effect, thereby affecting force generation. These findings may provide a direction for designing the performance of tandem flapping wing micro-air vehicles by controlling forewing kinematics.
蜻蜓能够独立控制其前翅和后翅的运动，以实现理想的飞行。与以往大多考虑前翅和后翅相同运动学的研究相比，本文聚焦于当前翅运动学不同于后翅时三维串联扑动翼的气动干扰。数值研究了前翅的扑动幅度（）、扑动平均角度（ϕ1¯）、俯仰旋转持续时间（Δ）以及翼间距（）的影响。结果表明，和ϕ1¯对单个和串联系统的气动力有显著影响，但Δ影响较小。在前翅较小、较小时，或者前翅ϕ1¯较大时，可增加整体气动力，但在前翅较大、较小时，或者前翅ϕ1¯较大时，实际上会降低气动力。流场分析表明，和ϕ1¯主要改变先前揭示的窄通道效应、下洗效应和尾流捕获效应的影响程度，从而影响力的产生。这些发现可为通过控制前翅运动学来设计串联扑翼微型飞行器的性能提供方向。
