CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
INESC TEC-Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
Biosensors (Basel). 2024 Sep 2;14(9):423. doi: 10.3390/bios14090423.
The gut microbiome is shaped early in life by dietary and lifestyle factors. Specific compounds in the gut affect the growth of different bacterial species and the production of beneficial or harmful byproducts. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome has been linked to various diseases resulting from the presence of harmful bacteria and their byproducts. Existing methods for detecting microbial species, such as microscopic observation and molecular biological techniques, are costly, labor-intensive, and require skilled personnel. Biosensors, which integrate a recognition element, transducer, amplifier, signal processor, and display unit, can convert biological events into electronic signals. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic survey of scientific publications from 2018 to June 2024, obtained from ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus databases. The aim was to evaluate the current state-of-the-art and identify knowledge gaps in the application of aptamer biosensors for the determination of gut microbiota. A total of 13 eligible publications were categorized based on the type of study: those using microbial bioreceptors (category 1) and those using aptamer bioreceptors (category 2) for the determination of gut microbiota. Point-of-care biosensors are being developed to monitor changes in metabolites that may lead to disease. They are well-suited for use in the healthcare system and offer an excellent alternative to traditional methods. Aptamers are gaining attention due to their stability, specificity, scalability, reproducibility, low production cost, and low immunogenicity. While there is limited research on using aptamers to detect human gut microbiota, they show promise for providing accurate, robust, and cost-effective diagnostic methods for monitoring the gut microbiome.
肠道微生物群在生命早期受到饮食和生活方式因素的影响。肠道中的特定化合物会影响不同细菌物种的生长和有益或有害副产物的产生。肠道微生物群的失调与各种疾病有关，这些疾病是由于有害细菌及其副产物的存在而导致的。现有的微生物物种检测方法，如显微镜观察和分子生物学技术，既昂贵又费时费力，且需要专业人员。生物传感器将识别元件、换能器、放大器、信号处理器和显示器单元集成在一起，可以将生物事件转化为电子信号。本综述对 2018 年至 2024 年 6 月从 ScienceDirect、PubMed 和 Scopus 数据库获得的科学出版物进行了全面和系统的调查。目的是评估适体生物传感器在检测肠道微生物群中的应用现状，并确定其知识空白。共有 13 篇符合条件的出版物根据研究类型进行了分类：使用微生物生物受体的（第 1 类）和使用适体生物受体的（第 2 类）用于检测肠道微生物群。正在开发即时检测生物传感器来监测可能导致疾病的代谢物变化。它们非常适合在医疗保健系统中使用，是传统方法的绝佳替代品。由于适体具有稳定性、特异性、可扩展性、可重复性、低生产成本和低免疫原性，因此受到关注。虽然使用适体来检测人类肠道微生物群的研究有限，但它们有望为监测肠道微生物群提供准确、稳健和具有成本效益的诊断方法。
