Pardo-Rendón Ana G, Mejía-Méndez Jorge L, López-Mena Edgar R, Bernal-Chávez Sergio A
Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Puebla, Mexico.
Programa de Edafología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Carr. México Texcoco km 36.4, Montecillo 56230, Mexico.
Gels. 2024 Sep 3;10(9):574. doi: 10.3390/gels10090574.
This study aimed to develop HGs based on cationic guar gum (CGG), polyethylene glycol (PEG), propylene glycol (PG), and citric acid (CA) using a 2 factorial experimental design to optimize their properties. HGs were characterized through FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The biological activities of HGs were determined by evaluating their mucoadhesive capacity and antibacterial activity in vitro, whereas their toxicity was analyzed using nauplii as an in vivo model. Results revealed that HGs were successfully optimized for their viscosity, pH, and sensory properties, and it was observed that varying concentrations of PEG-75 did not influence them. Through SEM analyses, it was noted that increased levels of PEG-75 resulted in HGs with distinct porosity and textures, whereas FTIR and Raman spectroscopy exhibited representative peaks of the raw materials used during the synthesis process. TGA studies indicated the thermal stability of HGs, as they presented degradation patterns at 100 and 300 °C. The synthesized HGs exhibited similar mucoadhesion kinetic profiles, demonstrating a displacement factor at an equilibrium of 0.57 mm/mg at 5 min. The antibacterial activity of HGs was appraised as poor against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria due to their MIC values (>500 μg/mL). Regarding , treatment with HGs neither decreased their viability nor induced morphological changes. The obtained results suggest the suitability of CGG/PEG HGs for oral mucosa drug delivery and expand the knowledge about their mucoadhesive capacity, antibacterial potential, and in vivo biocompatibility.
本研究旨在基于阳离子瓜尔胶（CGG）、聚乙二醇（PEG）、丙二醇（PG）和柠檬酸（CA），采用二因素实验设计开发水凝胶（HGs），以优化其性能。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）以及热重分析（TGA）对水凝胶进行表征。通过评估水凝胶的体外黏膜黏附能力和抗菌活性来确定其生物活性，而使用无节幼体作为体内模型分析其毒性。结果表明，水凝胶在粘度、pH值和感官特性方面成功得到优化，并且观察到不同浓度的PEG - 75对它们没有影响。通过SEM分析发现，PEG - 75水平的增加导致水凝胶具有不同的孔隙率和质地，而FTIR和拉曼光谱显示了合成过程中所用原材料的代表性峰。TGA研究表明水凝胶的热稳定性，因为它们在100和300°C时呈现出降解模式。合成的水凝胶表现出相似的黏膜黏附动力学曲线，在5分钟时平衡位移因子为0.57 mm/mg。由于其最低抑菌浓度（MIC值）（>500μg/mL），水凝胶对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌活性被评估为较差。关于无节幼体，用水凝胶处理既未降低其活力，也未诱导形态变化。所得结果表明CGG/PEG水凝胶适用于口腔黏膜给药，并扩展了关于其黏膜黏附能力、抗菌潜力和体内生物相容性的知识。
