Tufty Logan M, Kang Sungha, Ialongo Nicholas S, Meinzer Michael C
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2025 Jan;53(1):57-68. doi: 10.1007/s10802-024-01244-3. Epub 2024 Sep 27.
Individuals with ADHD symptoms are at an increased risk of lifetime trauma exposure. However, research has yet to fully examine whether symptoms of ADHD function as a temporal risk factor for experiencing trauma and specific mechanisms that may explain the association between symptoms of ADHD and trauma exposure. Two constructs that may account for the relation between ADHD symptoms and trauma are deviant peer association and neighborhood disadvantage. The present study sought to 1) elucidate the temporal nature of ADHD symptoms and exposure to trauma and 2) examine whether peer deviancy and/or neighborhood disadvantage mediate the relation between childhood ADHD symptoms and subsequent trauma exposure across a 20-year longitudinal cohort study. Participants (N = 616) were predominantly Black/African American (86%; Male n = 389) from an urban school district. Using structural equation modeling, total trauma exposures during young adulthood (Years 17-20) were regressed on parent- and teacher-rated ADHD symptoms in Grade 1 (Year 1). A significant indirect path from ADHD symptoms to trauma exposure through deviant peer affiliation (Year 16) indicated that having childhood ADHD symptoms predicted deviant peer affiliation 16 years later, which in turn predicted greater exposures to traumatic events during young adulthood, controlling for neighborhood disadvantage. Neighborhood disadvantage was not a significant mediator when accounting for peer deviancy. Taken together, findings contribute to a limited body of research that utilizes a prospective design to examine the association between childhood ADHD symptoms and trauma exposure in young adulthood among Black/African American youth. Potential targets for intervention are proposed.
患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症状的个体遭受终身创伤的风险增加。然而，研究尚未充分探讨ADHD症状是否作为经历创伤的一个时间风险因素，以及可能解释ADHD症状与创伤暴露之间关联的具体机制。可能解释ADHD症状与创伤之间关系的两个因素是异常同伴交往和邻里劣势。本研究旨在：1）阐明ADHD症状与创伤暴露的时间性质；2）在一项为期20年的纵向队列研究中，检验同伴偏差和/或邻里劣势是否介导儿童期ADHD症状与随后创伤暴露之间的关系。参与者（N = 616）主要是来自一个城市学区的黑人/非裔美国人（86%；男性n = 389）。使用结构方程模型，将青年期（17 - 20岁）的总创伤暴露量对一年级（第1年）家长和教师评定的ADHD症状进行回归分析。从ADHD症状通过异常同伴关系（第16年）到创伤暴露的一条显著间接路径表明，儿童期患有ADHD症状可预测16年后的异常同伴关系，而这反过来又预测了青年期更多的创伤事件暴露，同时控制了邻里劣势。在考虑同伴偏差时，邻里劣势不是一个显著的中介因素。综上所述，研究结果为利用前瞻性设计来检验黑人/非裔美国青年儿童期ADHD症状与青年期创伤暴露之间关联的有限研究做出了贡献。并提出了潜在的干预目标。
