Departments of Psychiatry and Education, University of California Los Angeles, 457 Portola Plaza, Moore Hall 1022A, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 3822 SPH I, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, USA.
Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2020 Mar;23(1):1-14. doi: 10.1007/s10567-019-00304-1.
Trauma is prevalent among children and adolescents, with youth of color generally reporting greater exposure compared to White youth. One factor that may account for this difference is racial stress, which can manifest into trauma symptoms. Although racial stress and trauma (RST) significantly impacts youth of color, most of the research to date has focused on adult populations. In addition, little attention has been given to the impact of the ecological context in how youth encounter and cope with RST. As such, we propose the Developmental and Ecological Model of Youth Racial Trauma (DEMYth-RT), a conceptual model of how racial stressors manifest to influence the trauma symptomatology of children and adolescents of color. Within developmental periods, we explore how individual, family, and community processes influence youth's symptoms and coping. We also discuss challenges to identifying racial trauma in young populations according to clinician limitations and the post-traumatic stress disorder framework within the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-fifth edition (DSM-5). The article concludes with implications on applying DEMYth-RT in clinical and research settings to address RST for youth of color.
创伤在儿童和青少年中很常见，与白人青少年相比，有色人种的青少年通常报告的创伤暴露程度更高。造成这种差异的一个因素可能是种族压力，它可能表现为创伤症状。尽管种族压力和创伤（RST）对有色人种的青少年影响很大，但迄今为止，大多数研究都集中在成年人群体上。此外，很少关注生态环境对青少年如何遇到和应对 RST 的影响。因此，我们提出了青少年种族创伤的发展和生态模型（DEMYth-RT），这是一个关于种族压力源如何表现出来影响有色人种儿童和青少年创伤症状的概念模型。在发展阶段，我们探讨了个体、家庭和社区过程如何影响青少年的症状和应对方式。我们还根据临床医生的局限性以及《精神障碍诊断与统计手册-第五版》（DSM-5）中的创伤后应激障碍框架，讨论了在年轻人群中识别种族创伤的挑战。文章最后讨论了在临床和研究环境中应用 DEMYth-RT 来解决有色人种青少年的 RST 问题的意义。
