Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
Sci Bull (Beijing). 2024 Dec 15;69(23):3756-3776. doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.09.005. Epub 2024 Sep 12.
Age-related cognitive decline and dementia are significant manifestations of brain aging. As the elderly population grows rapidly, the health and socio-economic impacts of cognitive dysfunction have become increasingly significant. Although clinical treatment of dementia has faced considerable challenges over the past few decades, with limited breakthroughs in slowing its progression, there has been substantial progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms and hallmarks of age-related dementia (ARD). This progress brings new hope for the intervention and treatment of this disease. In this review, we categorize the latest findings in ARD biomarkers into four stages based on disease progression: Healthy brain, pre-clinical, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia. We then systematically summarize the most promising therapeutic approaches to prevent or slow ARD at four levels: Genome and epigenome, organelle, cell, and organ and organism. We emphasize the importance of early prevention and detection, along with the implementation of combined treatments as multimodal intervention strategies, to address brain aging and ARD in the future.
与年龄相关的认知能力下降和痴呆是大脑老化的重要表现。随着老年人口的快速增长，认知功能障碍对健康和社会经济的影响变得越来越显著。尽管过去几十年临床治疗痴呆症面临着相当大的挑战，在减缓其进展方面进展有限，但对与年龄相关的痴呆症（ARD）的分子机制和标志的认识取得了实质性进展。这一进展为该疾病的干预和治疗带来了新的希望。在这篇综述中，我们根据疾病进展将 ARD 生物标志物的最新发现分为四个阶段：健康大脑、临床前、轻度认知障碍和痴呆。然后，我们系统地总结了在四个层面预防或减缓 ARD 最有前途的治疗方法：基因组和表观基因组、细胞器、细胞和器官和机体。我们强调了早期预防和检测的重要性，以及实施联合治疗作为多模式干预策略的重要性，以应对未来的大脑衰老和 ARD。
