Sugimoto Minami, Asakura Keiko, Shinozaki Nana, Murakami Kentaro, Masayasu Shizuko, Sasaki Satoshi
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.
Institute of Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
BMC Nutr. 2024 Sep 27;10(1):125. doi: 10.1186/s40795-024-00935-w.
This study examined how fortified foods and dietary supplements contributed to total nutrient intakes and their adequacy in Japanese adults.
Nutrient intake was estimated from 4-day dietary records of 392 adults (20-69 years) in total intake considering intakes from fortified foods and dietary supplements and in base diets without considering their intake. Users were defined as participants who used at least one fortified foods and/or dietary supplements during the 4-day recording period. The proportion of participants whose intake was below the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) or exceeded the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) provided in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese was calculated.
In 122 identified users (31% of participants) of fortified foods and/or dietary supplements, the mean contributions of fortified foods and dietary supplements to total intake were < 4% and < 21%, respectively, for all 25 examined nutrients. Users were more likely to meet the EAR than non-users for six nutrients in the base diets and nine nutrients in the total intake. Among the users, the prevalence of participants below the EAR decreased by ≥ 10% in the total intake compared with the base diet for five nutrients. No nutrient intake from the base diet exceeded the UL in users and non-users; however, vitamin B intake in 2% of users exceeded the UL of their total intake.
Although the users of fortified foods and/or dietary supplements had better nutrient intake than non-users in base diets, fortified foods and dietary supplements helped the Japanese users achieve adequate intakes of certain nutrients without a risk of excessive intake (except for vitamin B).
本研究调查了强化食品和膳食补充剂对日本成年人总营养素摄入量及其充足性的贡献。
根据392名成年人（20 - 69岁）的4天饮食记录估计营养素摄入量，分别考虑强化食品和膳食补充剂的摄入量以及不考虑其摄入量的基础饮食中的摄入量。使用者定义为在4天记录期内使用至少一种强化食品和/或膳食补充剂的参与者。计算了摄入量低于日本膳食参考摄入量中规定的估计平均需求量（EAR）或超过可耐受最高摄入量（UL）的参与者比例。
在122名已确定的强化食品和/或膳食补充剂使用者（占参与者的31%）中，对于所有25种检测营养素，强化食品和膳食补充剂对总摄入量的平均贡献分别<4%和<21%。在基础饮食中，使用者比非使用者更有可能满足6种营养素的EAR，在总摄入量中则更有可能满足9种营养素的EAR。在使用者中，与基础饮食相比，总摄入量中低于EAR的参与者比例在五种营养素上下降了≥10%。在使用者和非使用者中，基础饮食中的营养素摄入量均未超过UL；然而，2%的使用者维生素B摄入量超过了其总摄入量的UL。
尽管强化食品和/或膳食补充剂的使用者在基础饮食中的营养素摄入量比非使用者更好，但强化食品和膳食补充剂有助于日本使用者实现某些营养素的充足摄入，且不存在过量摄入风险（维生素B除外）。
