Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, P.R. China.
Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve Injury and Regeneration of Jilin Province, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, P.R. China.
Stem Cell Res Ther. 2024 Sep 27;15(1):335. doi: 10.1186/s13287-024-03952-5.
Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) have permanent devastating motor and sensory disabilities. Secondary SCI is known for its complex progression and presents with sophisticated aberrant inflammation, vascular changes, and secondary cellular dysfunction, which aggravate the primary damage. Since their initial discovery, the potent neuroprotective effects and powerful delivery abilities of exosomes (Exos) have been reported in different research fields, including SCI. In this study, we summarize therapeutic advances related to the application of Exos in preclinical animal studies. Subsequently, we discuss the mechanisms of action of Exos derived from diverse cell types, including neurogenesis, angiogenesis, blood-spinal cord barrier preservation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory potential. We also evaluate the relationship between the Exo delivery cargo and signaling pathways. Finally, we discuss the challenges and advantages of using Exos to offer innovative insights regarding the development of efficient clinical strategies for SCI.
脊髓损伤（SCI）患者存在永久性严重的运动和感觉功能障碍。已知继发性 SCI 具有复杂的进展过程，并表现出复杂的异常炎症、血管变化和继发性细胞功能障碍，从而加重原发性损伤。自最初发现以来，外泌体（Exos）在不同的研究领域，包括 SCI 中，都具有强大的神经保护作用和强大的递药能力。在本研究中，我们总结了与 Exos 在临床前动物研究中的应用相关的治疗进展。随后，我们讨论了源自不同细胞类型的 Exos 的作用机制，包括神经发生、血管生成、血脊髓屏障保护、抗细胞凋亡和抗炎作用。我们还评估了 Exo 递药 cargo 与信号通路之间的关系。最后，我们讨论了使用 Exos 提供创新见解以开发针对 SCI 的有效临床策略所面临的挑战和优势。
