Li Xinyi, Zhu Minjia, Xiao Le, Li Jingyi, Yu Kan, Zhang Qinrou, Dai Jialiang, Jia Zihan, Dai Zixiang, Su Zheng, Zhang Ke, Bai Yuxing
Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, PR China.
Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, PR China.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2025 Jul 11;23(1):502. doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03585-7.
Recently, the importance and innovative applications of extracellular vesicles in bone and dental pulp tissue engineering have attracted more attention. Moreover, the use of extracellular vesicles derived from various cell types, such as mesenchymal stem cells, has been extensively examined. However, the understanding of the intricate mechanisms, diverse applications, and potential uses of extracellular vesicles originating from Schwann cells in neurogenesis, angiogenesis, neurovascularized osteogenesis, and dental pulp regeneration remains largely unexplored and under-investigated. This is the first review to provide a comprehensive overview of the cutting-edge researches on Schwann cell-derived extracellular vesicles (SCs-EVs) in the context of tissue regeneration. It emphasizes the emerging understanding of key bioactive molecules in SCs-EVs, including RNAs and proteins, and their role in promoting tissue regeneration. Furthermore, this review describes for the first time how bioactive molecules achieve neurogenic, angiogenic, osteogenic and odontogenic efficacy by activating related mechanistic pathways. In addition to these insights, the review also generalizes the potential clinical applications of SCs-EVs, both in the present and looking forward to future advancements in the field.
SCs-EVs exhibit an impressive and effective capability for the delivery of RNAs and proteins, which play a crucial role in activating multiple biological mechanisms. Their remarkable combination with a diverse array of materials has demonstrated significant potential for facilitating tissue repair and regeneration across various biological systems. This review meticulously summarizes the various types of RNAs, proteins, and the related mechanisms that contribute to essential processes such as neurogenesis, angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and odontogenesis, highlighting their importance in regenerative medicine. Furthermore, we delve into the forefront of research and the potential applications of SCs-EVs specifically in the context of bone and dental tissue regeneration. The recent advancements in the development of SCs-EVs, alongside innovative biomaterial scaffolds, present a promising and transformative approach to enhancing therapeutic effectiveness in the regeneration of nerve, vascular, bone, and dental tissues, paving the way for future breakthroughs in regenerative therapies.
近年来，细胞外囊泡在骨和牙髓组织工程中的重要性及创新应用受到了更多关注。此外，源自多种细胞类型（如间充质干细胞）的细胞外囊泡的应用也得到了广泛研究。然而，对于源自雪旺细胞的细胞外囊泡在神经发生、血管生成、神经血管化骨生成和牙髓再生中的复杂机制、多样应用及潜在用途，仍在很大程度上未被探索和研究不足。这是第一篇全面综述雪旺细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡（SCs-EVs）在组织再生方面前沿研究的文章。它强调了对SCs-EVs中关键生物活性分子（包括RNA和蛋白质）的新认识及其在促进组织再生中的作用。此外，本综述首次描述了生物活性分子如何通过激活相关机制途径实现神经生成、血管生成、成骨和牙生成功效。除了这些见解，该综述还概括了SCs-EVs在当前的潜在临床应用以及对该领域未来进展的展望。
SCs-EVs在RNA和蛋白质传递方面展现出令人印象深刻的有效能力，这些RNA和蛋白质在激活多种生物学机制中发挥着关键作用。它们与各种材料的显著结合已显示出在促进跨生物系统的组织修复和再生方面的巨大潜力。本综述精心总结了促成神经发生、血管生成、成骨和牙生成等重要过程的各类RNA、蛋白质及相关机制，凸显了它们在再生医学中的重要性。此外，我们深入探讨了SCs-EVs在骨和牙组织再生背景下的研究前沿及潜在应用。SCs-EVs开发的最新进展以及创新生物材料支架，为提高神经、血管、骨和牙组织再生的治疗效果提供了一种有前景且变革性的方法，为再生疗法的未来突破铺平了道路。
