Morais Rita, Rodrigues Mónica, Ferreira Francisca, Barros Renata, Padrão Patrícia, Ortigão Madalena, Tavares Maria, Moreira Pedro
Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal.
Children (Basel). 2024 Sep 5;11(9):1089. doi: 10.3390/children11091089.
Globally, dietary patterns are shifting toward an increased consumption of ultra-processed foods, raising the risk of some metabolic and nutritional diseases from a young age. This trend is now also affecting low- and middle-income countries. Considering this, we aimed to assess the contribution of ultra-processed foods to total energy intake and their association with the nutritional intake of children and adolescents in Cantagalo, São Tomé and Príncipe.
We conducted a cross-sectional study with a sample of 546 households. Data were collected on anthropometrics, sociodemographic characteristics, and lifestyle, including 24 h food recall questionnaires for children and adolescents. The reported foods were nutritionally assessed and categorized according to the NOVA classification to estimate the contribution of ultra-processed foods. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the magnitude of the associations between higher consumption of ultra-processed foods and nutritional intake, adjusting for confounders.
The contribution of ultra-processed foods to daily energy intake was 9.5% for girls and 8.5% for boys. Higher consumption of ultra-processed foods was significantly associated with a lower intake of fiber (OR = 0.932; 95%CI, 0.872-0.996), vitamin B12 (OR = 0.812; 95%CI, 0.668-0.985), and zinc (OR = 0.443; 95%CI, 0.308-0.639) and a higher intake of iron (OR = 1.479; 95%CI, 1.065-2.055) and sodium (OR = 1.001; 95%CI, 1.000-1.001), after adjusting for confounders.
Higher consumption of ultra-processed foods was especially associated with a lower intake of fiber, vitamin B12, and zinc, and with a higher intake of iron.
在全球范围内，饮食模式正朝着超加工食品消费增加的方向转变，这使得人们从年轻时起就面临一些代谢和营养疾病的风险。这种趋势目前也正在影响低收入和中等收入国家。考虑到这一点，我们旨在评估圣多美和普林西比坎塔加洛地区超加工食品对儿童和青少年总能量摄入的贡献及其与营养摄入的关联。
我们对546户家庭进行了一项横断面研究。收集了人体测量学、社会人口学特征和生活方式的数据，包括针对儿童和青少年的24小时食物回忆问卷。根据NOVA分类对报告的食物进行营养评估和分类，以估计超加工食品的贡献。使用逻辑回归模型来估计超加工食品高消费与营养摄入之间关联的强度，并对混杂因素进行调整。
超加工食品对女孩每日能量摄入的贡献为9.5%，对男孩为8.5%。在调整混杂因素后，超加工食品的高消费与纤维（比值比=0.932；95%置信区间，0.872-0.996）、维生素B12（比值比=0.812；95%置信区间，0.668-0.985）和锌（比值比=0.443；95%置信区间，0.308-0.639）的较低摄入量显著相关，与铁（比值比=1.479；95%置信区间，1.065-2.055）和钠（比值比=1.001；95%置信区间，1.000-1.001）的较高摄入量显著相关。
超加工食品的高消费尤其与纤维、维生素B12和锌的较低摄入量以及铁的较高摄入量相关。
