Mazurek Marek, Szewc Monika, Sitarz Monika Z, Dudzińska Ewa, Sitarz Robert
Department of Surgical Oncology, Masovian Cancer Hospital, 05-135 Wieliszew, Poland.
Department of Normal, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
Cancers (Basel). 2024 Sep 15;16(18):3163. doi: 10.3390/cancers16183163.
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fifth most common cause of cancer death in the world. Regarding the age at which the diagnosis was made, GC is divided into early-onset gastric cancer (EOGC-up to 45 years of age) and conventional GC (older than 45). EOGC constitutes approximately 10% of all GCs. Numerous reports indicate that EOGC is more aggressive than conventional GC and is often discovered at an advanced tumor stage, which has an impact on the five-year survival rate. The median survival rate for advanced-stage GC is very poor, amounting to less than 12 months. Risk factors for GC include family history, alcohol consumption, smoking, , and Epstein-Barr virus infection. It has been shown that a proper diet and lifestyle can play a preventive role in GC. However, research indicates that risk factors for conventional GC are less correlated with EOGC. In addition, the unclear etiology of EOGC and the late diagnosis of this disease limit the possibilities of effective treatment. Genetic factors are considered a likely cause of EOGC, as young patients are less exposed to environmental carcinogens. Research characterizing GC in young patients is scarce. This comprehensive study presents all aspects: epidemiology, risk factors, new treatment strategies, and future directions.
胃癌（GC）是全球第五大最常被诊断出的癌症，也是癌症死亡的第五大常见原因。就诊断时的年龄而言，GC分为早发性胃癌（EOGC，45岁及以下）和传统GC（45岁以上）。EOGC约占所有GC的10%。大量报告表明，EOGC比传统GC更具侵袭性，且常在肿瘤晚期被发现，这对五年生存率有影响。晚期GC的中位生存率非常低，不到12个月。GC的风险因素包括家族史、饮酒、吸烟和爱泼斯坦 - 巴尔病毒感染。研究表明，合理的饮食和生活方式对GC可起到预防作用。然而，研究表明，传统GC的风险因素与EOGC的相关性较小。此外，EOGC病因不明以及该病诊断较晚限制了有效治疗的可能性。遗传因素被认为是EOGC的一个可能原因，因为年轻患者接触环境致癌物较少。关于年轻患者GC特征的研究很少。这项综合性研究呈现了各个方面：流行病学、风险因素、新的治疗策略以及未来方向。
