Fano-Sizgorich Diego, Vásquez-Velásquez Cinthya, Ordoñez-Aquino Carol, Sánchez-Ccoyllo Odón, Tapia Vilma, Gonzales Gustavo F
Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Reproducción, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru.
Departamento de Ingeniería, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru.
Biomedicines. 2024 Sep 8;12(9):2043. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12092043.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been linked to air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM). PM comprises various elements, including iron-rich particles that may reach the brain through inhalation. Lima, Peru is one of the most polluted cities in Latin America, with a high rate of AD. The study aims to evaluate the association between iron (Fe) trace elements in PM and AD cases in Lima, Peru. This retrospective ecological study used monthly Fe concentration data from the Peruvian Ministry of Health. AD cases (ICD-10-G30) and dementia in AD cases (DAD, ICD-10-F00) were obtained from the Peruvian CDC. Fe trace element data were available for six districts in Lima for the years 2017-2019 and 2022. Cases were standardized based on ≥60-year-old populations of each district. Hierarchical mixed-effects models of Gaussian and negative binomial families were constructed to evaluate both outcomes jointly (AD + DAD) and separately (AD, and DAD). A sensitivity analysis was conducted by excluding data from Lima's downtown district. In the complete model, log-Fe concentration was associated with a higher rate of AD + DAD and DAD, and with a higher IRR for the three outcomes. After controlling for other metals, a higher DAD rate was observed (β-coeff = 6.76, 95%CI 0.07; 13.46, = 0.048), and a higher IRR for AD + DAD (1.55, 95%CI 1.09; 2.20, = 0.014) and DAD (1.83, 95%CI 1.21; 2.78, = 0.004). The association was not significant in the sensitivity analysis. In conclusion, exposure to Fe through PM inhalation may be associated with the presence of AD in Lima.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）已被证实与空气污染有关，尤其是颗粒物（PM）。PM包含各种元素，包括富含铁的颗粒，这些颗粒可能通过吸入进入大脑。秘鲁利马是拉丁美洲污染最严重的城市之一，AD发病率很高。本研究旨在评估秘鲁利马PM中的铁（Fe）微量元素与AD病例之间的关联。这项回顾性生态研究使用了秘鲁卫生部的月度铁浓度数据。AD病例（国际疾病分类第十版，G30）和AD病例中的痴呆症（DAD，国际疾病分类第十版，F00）数据来自秘鲁疾病预防控制中心。2017 - 2019年以及2022年利马六个区有铁微量元素数据。病例根据每个区≥60岁的人口进行标准化。构建了高斯和负二项分布族的分层混合效应模型，以联合评估两种结果（AD + DAD）和分别评估（AD和DAD）。通过排除利马市中心区的数据进行敏感性分析。在完整模型中，铁浓度对数与AD + DAD和DAD的较高发病率相关，并且三种结果的发病率比值比（IRR）更高。在控制其他金属因素后，观察到DAD发病率更高（β系数 = 6.76，95%置信区间0.07；13.46，P = 0.048），AD + DAD（1.55，95%置信区间1.09；2.20，P = 0.014）和DAD（1.83，95%置信区间1.21；2.78，P = 0.004）的IRR更高。在敏感性分析中，该关联不显著。总之，通过吸入PM接触铁可能与利马AD的存在有关。
