Moma Megan, Lee Abi, Olson M Brady, Lemkau Karin L, Cooper W James
Biology Department, Western Washington University, 516 High St., Bellingham, WA 98225, USA.
Marine and Coastal Science Program, Western Washington University, 516 High St., Bellingham, WA 98225, USA.
Biomedicines. 2024 Sep 10;12(9):2068. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12092068.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of 209 highly stable molecules that were used extensively in industry. Although their commercial use ceased in 1979, they are still present in many aquatic ecosystems due to improper disposal, oceanic currents, atmospheric deposition, and hydrophobic nature. PCBs pose a significant and ongoing threat to the development and sustainability of aquatic organisms. In areas with PCB exposure high mortality rates of organisms inhabiting them are still seen today, posing a significant threat to local species. Zebrafish were exposed to a standard PCB mixture (Aroclor 1254) for the first 5 days post fertilization, as there is a gap in knowledge during this important developmental period for fish (i.e., organization of the body). This PCB mixture was formally available commercially and has a high prevalence in PCB-contaminated sites. We tested for the effects of PCB dosage (control (embryo water only; 0 mg/L), methanol (solvent control; 0 mg/L); PCB 1 (0.125 mg/L), PCB 2 (0.25 mg/L), PCB 3 (0.35 mg/L), and PCB 4 (0.40 mg/L)) on zebrafish survival, rate of metamorphosis, feeding efficiency, and growth. We found significant, dose-dependent effects of PCB exposure on mortality, feeding efficiency, and growth, but no clear effect of PCBs on the rate of zebrafish metamorphosis. We identified a concentration in which there were no observable effects (NOEC), PCB concentration above the NOEC had a significant impact on life-critical processes. This can further inform local management decisions in environments experiencing PCB contamination.
多氯联苯（PCBs）是一组由209种高度稳定的分子组成的物质，曾在工业中广泛使用。尽管其商业用途已于1979年停止，但由于处置不当、洋流、大气沉降以及疏水性等原因，它们仍存在于许多水生生态系统中。多氯联苯对水生生物的发育和可持续性构成了重大且持续的威胁。在多氯联苯暴露区域，如今仍可见到栖息于其中的生物的高死亡率，这对当地物种构成了重大威胁。斑马鱼在受精后的前5天暴露于标准多氯联苯混合物（Aroclor 1254）中，因为在鱼类这个重要的发育阶段（即身体组织阶段）存在知识空白。这种多氯联苯混合物曾正式在市场上销售，并且在受多氯联苯污染的场地中普遍存在。我们测试了多氯联苯剂量（对照组（仅胚胎水；0毫克/升）、甲醇（溶剂对照组；0毫克/升）；多氯联苯1（0.125毫克/升）、多氯联苯2（0.25毫克/升）、多氯联苯3（0.35毫克/升）和多氯联苯4（0.40毫克/升））对斑马鱼存活、变态率、摄食效率和生长的影响。我们发现多氯联苯暴露对死亡率、摄食效率和生长有显著的剂量依赖性影响，但对斑马鱼变态率没有明显影响。我们确定了一个无可见效应浓度（NOEC），高于该浓度的多氯联苯对生命关键过程有显著影响。这可以为受多氯联苯污染环境中的当地管理决策提供进一步参考。
