Shah Siddharth, Mansour Hadeel M, Aguilar Tania M, Lucke-Wold Brandon
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Biomedicines. 2024 Sep 17;12(9):2113. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12092113.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent kind of dementia and is a long-term degenerative disease. Pathologically, it is defined by the development of extracellular amyloid-β plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles made up of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. This causes neuronal death, particularly in the hippocampus and cortex. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have been identified as possibly therapeutic and have promise for Alzheimer's disease due to their regenerative characteristics.
A systematic retrieval of information was performed on PubMed. A total of 60 articles were found in a search on mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, and Alzheimer's disease. A total of 16 ongoing clinical trials were searched and added from clinicaltrials.gov. We added 23 supporting articles to help provide information for certain sections. In total, we included 99 articles in this manuscript: 50 are review articles, 13 are preclinical studies, 16 are clinical studies, 16 are ongoing clinical trials, and 4 are observational studies. Appropriate studies were isolated, and important information from each of them was understood and entered into a database from which the information was used in this article. The clinical trials on mesenchymal stem cell exosomes for Alzheimer's disease were searched on clinicaltrials.gov.
Several experimental investigations have shown that MSC-Exo improves cognitive impairment in rats. In this review paper, we summarized existing understanding regarding the molecular and cellular pathways behind MSC-Exo-based cognitive function restoration, with a focus on MSC-Exo's therapeutic potential in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
AD is a significant health issue in our culture and is linked to several important neuropathological characteristics. Exosomes generated from stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or neural stem cells (NSCs), have been examined more and more in a variety of AD models, indicating that they may be viable therapeutic agents for the treatment of diverse disorders. Exosome yields may be increased, and their therapeutic efficacy can be improved using a range of tailored techniques and culture conditions. It is necessary to provide standardized guidelines for exosome manufacture to carry out excellent preclinical and clinical research.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最常见的痴呆类型，是一种长期的退行性疾病。在病理学上，它是由细胞外淀粉样β斑块和由高度磷酸化的tau蛋白组成的细胞内神经原纤维缠结的发展所定义的。这会导致神经元死亡，尤其是在海马体和皮质。间充质干细胞（MSC）衍生的外泌体已被确定具有潜在的治疗作用，由于其再生特性，有望用于治疗阿尔茨海默病。
在PubMed上进行了系统的信息检索。在关于间充质干细胞、外泌体和阿尔茨海默病的搜索中，共找到60篇文章。从clinicaltrials.gov搜索并添加了总共16项正在进行的临床试验。我们添加了23篇支持性文章，以帮助为某些部分提供信息。在本手稿中，我们总共纳入了99篇文章：50篇是综述文章，13篇是临床前研究，16篇是临床研究，16篇是正在进行的临床试验，4篇是观察性研究。筛选出合适的研究，理解并将每篇研究的重要信息录入数据库，本文使用了该数据库中的信息。在clinicaltrials.gov上搜索了关于间充质干细胞外泌体治疗阿尔茨海默病的临床试验。
多项实验研究表明，MSC-Exo可改善大鼠的认知障碍。在这篇综述论文中，我们总结了关于基于MSC-Exo的认知功能恢复背后的分子和细胞途径的现有认识，重点关注MSC-Exo在治疗阿尔茨海默病方面的治疗潜力。
AD是我们文化中的一个重大健康问题，与几个重要的神经病理学特征有关。干细胞如间充质干细胞（MSC）或神经干细胞（NSC）产生的外泌体，在各种AD模型中受到越来越多的研究，表明它们可能是治疗多种疾病的可行治疗剂。使用一系列定制技术和培养条件可以提高外泌体产量并改善其治疗效果。为了开展出色的临床前和临床研究，有必要提供外泌体制备的标准化指南。
