Lippi Giuseppe, Pighi Laura, Mattiuzzi Camilla
Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, P.le Ludovico Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy.
Medical Direction, Rovereto Hospital, Privincial Trust for Social and Sanitary Services, Corso Verona, 4, 38068 Rovereto, Italy.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2024 Sep 13;14(18):2037. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14182037.
Laboratory medicine has undergone a deep and multifaceted revolution in the course of human history, in both organizational and technical terms. Over the past century, there has been a growing recognition of the need to centralize numerous diagnostic activities, often similar or identical but located in different clinical departments, into a common environment (i.e., the medical laboratory service), followed by a progressive centralization of tests from smaller laboratories into larger diagnostic facilities. Nevertheless, the numerous technological advances that emerged at the beginning of the new millennium have helped to create a new testing culture characterized by a countervailing trend of decentralization of some tests closer to patients and caregivers. The forces that have driven this (centripetal) counter-revolution essentially include a few key concepts, namely "home testing", "portable or even wearable devices" and "remote patient monitoring". By their very nature, laboratory medical services and remote patient testing/monitoring are not contradictory, but may well coexist, with the choice of one or the other depending on the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patient, the type of analytical procedure and the logistics and local organization of the care system. Therefore, this article aims to provide a general overview of patient self-testing, with a particular focus on portable and wearable (including implantable) devices.
在人类历史进程中，检验医学在组织和技术方面都经历了深刻而多方面的变革。在过去的一个世纪里，人们越来越认识到有必要将众多诊断活动集中到一个共同的环境中（即医学检验服务），这些诊断活动往往相似或相同，但分布在不同的临床科室，随后，检测工作逐渐从小型实验室集中到大型诊断机构。然而，新千年伊始出现的众多技术进步催生了一种新的检测文化，其特点是出现了一种将一些检测下放至更贴近患者和护理人员的地方的反趋势。推动这场（向心的）反革命的力量主要包括几个关键概念，即“居家检测”、“便携式甚至可穿戴设备”以及“远程患者监测”。从本质上讲，检验医学服务与远程患者检测/监测并非相互矛盾，而是完全可以共存，具体选择哪种方式取决于患者的人口统计学和临床特征、分析程序的类型以及护理系统的后勤和当地组织情况。因此，本文旨在对患者自我检测进行总体概述，尤其关注便携式和可穿戴（包括植入式）设备。
