Suzauddula Md, Kobayashi Kaori, Park Sunghun, Sun Xiuzhi Susan, Wang Weiqun
Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Department of Horticulture and Nature Resources, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Foods. 2024 Sep 21;13(18):2991. doi: 10.3390/foods13182991.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health challenge, with barriers to effective prevention and treatment including tumor recurrence, chemoresistance, and limited overall survival rates. Anthocyanins, known for their strong anti-cancer properties, have shown promise in preventing and suppressing various cancers, including CRC. However, natural sources of anthocyanins often fail to provide sufficient quantities needed for therapeutic effects. Bioengineered crops, particularly anthocyanin-enriched tomatoes, offer a viable solution to enhance anthocyanin content. Given its large-scale production and consumption, tomatoes present an ideal target for bioengineering efforts aimed at increasing dietary anthocyanin intake. This review provides an overview of anthocyanins and their health benefits, elucidating the mechanisms by which anthocyanins modulate the transcription factors involved in CRC development. It also examines case studies demonstrating the successful bioengineering of tomatoes to boost anthocyanin levels. Furthermore, the review discusses the effects of anthocyanin extracts from bioengineered tomatoes on CRC prevention, highlighting their role in altering metabolic pathways and reducing tumor-related inflammation. Finally, this review addresses the challenges associated with bioengineering tomatoes and proposes future research directions to optimize anthocyanin enrichment in tomatoes.
结直肠癌（CRC）仍然是一项重大的全球健康挑战，有效预防和治疗存在诸多障碍，包括肿瘤复发、化疗耐药性以及总体生存率有限。花青素以其强大的抗癌特性而闻名，已显示出在预防和抑制包括结直肠癌在内的各种癌症方面的潜力。然而，花青素的天然来源往往无法提供治疗效果所需的足够数量。生物工程作物，特别是富含花青素的番茄，为提高花青素含量提供了一个可行的解决方案。鉴于番茄的大规模生产和消费，它成为旨在增加膳食花青素摄入量的生物工程努力的理想目标。本综述概述了花青素及其健康益处，阐明了花青素调节参与结直肠癌发展的转录因子的机制。它还研究了证明成功对番茄进行生物工程以提高花青素水平的案例研究。此外，该综述讨论了生物工程番茄中的花青素提取物对结直肠癌预防的影响，强调了它们在改变代谢途径和减少肿瘤相关炎症方面的作用。最后，本综述阐述了与番茄生物工程相关的挑战，并提出了未来的研究方向，以优化番茄中的花青素富集。
