Pérez-Cabral Ingrid Daniela, Bernal-Mercado Ariadna Thalía, Islas-Rubio Alma Rosa, Suárez-Jiménez Guadalupe Miroslava, Robles-García Miguel Ángel, Puebla-Duarte Andrés Leobardo, Del-Toro-Sánchez Carmen Lizette
Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, SO, Mexico.
Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD, A.C.), Hermosillo 83304, SO, Mexico.
Foods. 2024 Sep 23;13(18):3010. doi: 10.3390/foods13183010.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves social communication difficulties and repetitive behaviors, and it has a growing prevalence worldwide. Symptoms include cognitive impairments, gastrointestinal (GI) issues, feeding difficulties, and psychological problems. A significant concern in ASD is food selectivity, leading to nutrient deficiencies. Common GI issues in ASD, such as constipation and irritable bowel syndrome, stem from abnormal gut flora and immune system dysregulation. Sensory sensitivities and behavioral challenges exacerbate these problems, correlating with neurological symptom severity. Children with ASD also exhibit higher oxidative stress due to low antioxidant levels like glutathione. Therapeutic diets, including ketogenic, high-antioxidant, gluten-free and casein-free, and probiotic-rich diets, show potential in managing ASD symptoms like behavior, communication, GI issues, and oxidative stress, though the evidence is limited. Various studies have focused on different populations, but there is increasing concern about the impact among children. This review aims to highlight the food preferences of the ASD population, analyze the effect of the physicochemical and nutritional properties of foods on the selectivity in its consumption, GI problems, and antioxidant deficiencies in individuals with ASD, and evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic diets, including diets rich in antioxidants, gluten-free and casein-free, ketogenic and essential fatty acids, and probiotic-rich diets in managing these challenges.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）涉及社交沟通困难和重复行为，且在全球范围内患病率不断上升。症状包括认知障碍、胃肠道（GI）问题、喂养困难和心理问题。ASD中的一个重大问题是食物选择性，这会导致营养缺乏。ASD中常见的胃肠道问题，如便秘和肠易激综合征，源于肠道菌群异常和免疫系统失调。感觉敏感和行为挑战会加剧这些问题，与神经症状严重程度相关。由于谷胱甘肽等抗氧化剂水平较低，ASD儿童还表现出较高的氧化应激。治疗性饮食，包括生酮饮食、高抗氧化剂饮食、无麸质和无酪蛋白饮食以及富含益生菌的饮食，在管理ASD症状如行为、沟通、胃肠道问题和氧化应激方面显示出潜力，尽管证据有限。各种研究关注的人群不同，但人们越来越担心对儿童的影响。本综述旨在强调ASD人群的食物偏好，分析食物的物理化学和营养特性对其消费选择性、胃肠道问题以及ASD个体抗氧化剂缺乏的影响，并评估治疗性饮食的有效性，包括富含抗氧化剂、无麸质和无酪蛋白、生酮和必需脂肪酸以及富含益生菌的饮食在应对这些挑战方面的有效性。
