Papazoglou Dimitri P, Hobbs Laura, Sun Yvonne, Neidhard-Doll Amy
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Sep 20;17(18):4608. doi: 10.3390/ma17184608.
Lattice structures have demonstrated the ability to provide secondary stability in orthopedic implants by promoting internal bone growth. In response to the growing prevalence of lattices in orthopedic design, we investigated the effects of porosity and unit cell geometry in additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V biomimetic lattice structures on the osteogenesis of human MG-63 osteoblastic cell lines in vitro. We analyzed glucose consumption, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration, and end-of-culture cell count as markers for osteogenic growth. Two different strut geometries were utilized (cubic and body-centered cubic), along with four different pore sizes (400, 500, 600, and 900 µm, representing 40-90% porosity in a 10 mm cube), in addition to a solid specimen. Structural characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that lattices with a 900 µm pore size exhibited the highest glucose consumption, the greatest change in ALP activity, and the highest cell count when compared to other pore sizes. Cubic 900 µm lattice structures outperformed other specimens in facilitating the maturation of viable MG-63 cells from the formation to the mineralization phase of bone remodeling, offering the most promise for osseointegration in additively manufactured titanium implants in the future. However, irrespective of a particular pore size or unit cell geometry, it was found that all the lattices were capable of promoting osteogenic growth due to surface roughness in the printed parts.
晶格结构已证明能够通过促进内部骨生长为骨科植入物提供二级稳定性。针对骨科设计中晶格结构日益普遍的情况，我们研究了增材制造的Ti-6Al-4V仿生晶格结构中的孔隙率和晶胞几何形状对人MG-63成骨细胞系体外成骨作用的影响。我们分析了葡萄糖消耗、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）浓度和培养结束时的细胞计数，作为成骨生长的标志物。除了实心标本外，还使用了两种不同的支柱几何形状（立方和体心立方），以及四种不同的孔径（400、500、600和900 µm，在10 mm立方体中代表40-90%的孔隙率）。使用扫描电子显微镜进行结构表征。结果表明，与其他孔径相比，孔径为900 µm的晶格表现出最高的葡萄糖消耗、最大的ALP活性变化和最高的细胞计数。立方900 µm晶格结构在促进活的MG-63细胞从骨重塑的形成阶段到矿化阶段的成熟方面优于其他标本，为未来增材制造的钛植入物中的骨整合提供了最大的希望。然而，无论特定的孔径或晶胞几何形状如何，都发现所有晶格由于打印部件的表面粗糙度而能够促进成骨生长。
