Cornell Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
Genes (Basel). 2024 Sep 7;15(9):1177. doi: 10.3390/genes15091177.
Wheat is used for making many food products due to its diverse quality profile among different wheat classes. Since laboratory analysis of these end-use quality traits is costly and time-consuming, genetic dissection of the traits is preferential. This study used a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of ten end-use quality traits, including kernel protein, flour protein, flour yield, softness equivalence, solvent's retention capacity, cookie diameter, and top-grain, in soft red winter wheat (SRWW) adapted to US southeast. The GWAS included 266 SRWW genotypes that were evaluated in two locations over two years (2020-2022). A total of 27,466 single nucleotide markers were used, and a total of 80 significant marker-trait associations were identified. There were 13 major-effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) explaining >10% phenotypic variance, out of which, 12 were considered to be novel. Five of the major-effect QTLs were found to be stably expressed across multiple datasets, and four showed associations with multiple traits. Candidate genes were identified for eight of the major-effect QTLs, including genes associated with starch biosynthesis and nutritional homeostasis in plants. These findings increase genetic comprehension of these end-use quality traits and could potentially be used for improving the quality of SRWW.
由于不同小麦品种之间的品质特征存在差异，小麦被广泛用于制作多种食品。由于对这些用途品质特性的实验室分析既昂贵又耗时，因此优先进行遗传解析。本研究利用全基因组关联研究（GWAS）对适应美国东南部的软红冬小麦（SRWW）的十个用途品质特性（包括籽粒蛋白、面粉蛋白、面粉产量、柔软度等价物、溶剂保持能力、饼干直径和上麦）进行了分析。GWAS 包括 266 个 SRWW 基因型，这些基因型在两年（2020-2022 年）的两个地点进行了评估。共使用了 27,466 个单核苷酸标记，共鉴定出 80 个显著的标记-性状关联。其中，有 13 个主效数量性状基因座（QTL）解释了超过 10%的表型方差，其中 12 个被认为是新的。五个主效 QTL 被发现稳定地在多个数据集上表达，并且四个 QTL 与多个性状有关联。八个主效 QTL 确定了候选基因，包括与植物中淀粉生物合成和营养平衡相关的基因。这些发现增加了对这些用途品质特性的遗传理解，并且可能有助于提高 SRWW 的品质。
