Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China.
Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation, Urumqi 830091, China.
Genes (Basel). 2024 Sep 8;15(9):1179. doi: 10.3390/genes15091179.
Fertilization significantly affects the growth and development of wheat. However, the precise mechanisms underlying gene regulation during flowering in response to fertilization deficiency remain elusive. In this study, fertilization (F) and non-fertilization (CK) ) treatments were set up to reveal examine the effect of fertilization on the photosynthetic capacity of winter wheat during the flowering period through physiological, biochemical, and transcriptome analyses. Upon analyzing analysing their yield, leaf photosynthetic system exchange parameters during flowering, antioxidant enzyme activity, and endogenous hormone parameters, we found that the F treatment resulted in higher net photosynthetic rates during flowering periods than the CK treatment. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) (83.92%), peroxidase (POD) (150.75%), and catalase (CAT) (22.74%) activities of leaves in treated with F during the flowering period were notably elevated compared to those of CK-treated leaves. Abscisic acid (ABA) (1.86%) and gibberellin acid (GA3) (33.69%) levels were reduced, whereas Auxin auxin (IAA) (98.27%) content was increasedwas increased under F treatment compared to those the results under the CK treatment. The chlorophyll a (32.53%), chlorophyll b (56%), total chlorophyll (37.96%), and carotenoid contents (29.80%) under F treatment were also increased compared to CK., exceeded exceeding those obtained under the CK treatment. Furthermore, transcriptional differences between the F and CK conditions were analyzed, and key genes were screened and validated by using q-PCR. Transcriptome analysis identified 2281 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with enriched pathways related to photosynthesis and light harvesting. DEGs were subjected to cluster simulation, which revealed that 53 DEGS, both up- and down-regulated, responded to the F treatment. qRT-PCR-based validation confirmed the differential expression of genes associated with carbohydrate transport and metabolism, lipid transport, and signal transduction. This study revealed distinctive transcriptional patterns and crucial gene regulation networks in wheat during flowering under fertilization, providing transcriptomic guidance for the precise regulation of wheat breeding.
受精显著影响小麦的生长和发育。然而，对于受精不足时开花过程中基因调控的确切机制仍不清楚。在这项研究中，设置了受精（F）和非受精（CK）处理，通过生理、生化和转录组分析来揭示受精对冬小麦开花期光合能力的影响。通过分析开花期的产量、叶片光合系统交换参数、抗氧化酶活性和内源激素参数，我们发现 F 处理使开花期的净光合速率高于 CK 处理。与 CK 处理的叶片相比，F 处理的叶片中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）（83.92%）、过氧化物酶（POD）（150.75%）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）（22.74%）的活性显著升高。开花期 F 处理的脱落酸（ABA）（1.86%）和赤霉素酸（GA3）（33.69%）水平降低，而生长素（IAA）（98.27%）含量增加。F 处理的叶绿素 a（32.53%）、叶绿素 b（56%）、总叶绿素（37.96%）和类胡萝卜素含量（29.80%）也高于 CK 处理。此外，还分析了 F 和 CK 条件之间的转录差异，并通过 q-PCR 筛选和验证了关键基因。转录组分析鉴定了 2281 个差异表达基因（DEGs），其中富集途径与光合作用和光捕获有关。对 DEGs 进行聚类模拟，结果表明 53 个 DEGs（上调和下调）对 F 处理有反应。基于 qRT-PCR 的验证证实了与碳水化合物运输和代谢、脂质运输和信号转导相关的基因的差异表达。这项研究揭示了小麦在受精开花过程中的独特转录模式和关键基因调控网络，为小麦精确调控育种提供了转录组指导。
