Sun Yuqin, Zhang Ruifen, Mao Zhiqun, Yin Jiajun, Zhou Yuanyuan, Wu Yue
Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, the Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi 214151, China.
Department of Nursing, Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, 1800 Li Hu Avenue, Wuxi 214062, China.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Sep 19;12(18):1879. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12181879.
Controlling the lifestyle associated with dementia risk can delay the process of cognitive decline. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are early states in the development of dementia and are also the window period for early intervention in dementia. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between multi-domain lifestyle and objective cognitive impairment in elderly people with SCD and MCI in Chinese communities and to provide reference for effective implementation of precise health management measures to reduce the risk of dementia.
A total of 265 middle-aged and elderly volunteers recruited from the community were divided into SCD group (107 cases), MCI group (80 cases), and healthy control (HC) group (78 cases). All participants received clinical interview, examination, and cognitive assessments.
The total Dementia Risk Reduction Lifestyle Scale (DRRLS) scores in the HC, SCD, and MCI groups [110.00 (11.25) vs. 101.00 (10.00) vs. 79.50 (20.75)] exhibited statistically significant differences among them. The total score of the DRRLS showed a significant negative correlation with the Trail-Making Test (TMT), and significant positive correlations with both the Verbal Fluency Test (VFT) and Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) scores ( < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, such as age and years of education, multiple linear regression analysis revealed several points. In the SCD group, brain-strengthening exercise and interpersonal relationship scores were negatively correlated with TMT scores (β = -11.257, -15.077; all < 0.05), while health responsibility, smoking control behavior, and interpersonal relationship scores were positively correlated with AVLT scores (β = 0.485, 0.344, and 0.406; all < 0.05). In the MCI Group, brain-strengthening exercise, brain-healthy diet, and interpersonal relationship were negatively correlated with TMT (β = -22.011, -16.206, -11.696; all < 0.01), whereas health responsibility, mental activity, smoking control behavior, interpersonal relationship, and stress management were positively correlated with AVLT (β = 0.450, 0.435, 0.308, 0.256, 0.607; all < 0.05).
In Chinese communities, the unhealthy lifestyle of elderly individuals with SCD and MCI is significantly associated with cognitive function impairment. The greater their unhealthy lifestyle habits, the more pronounced the scope and severity of cognitive function impairment becomes. Furthermore, different dimensions of lifestyle have varying impacts on cognitive domains.
控制与痴呆风险相关的生活方式可延缓认知衰退进程。主观认知衰退（SCD）和轻度认知障碍（MCI）是痴呆发展的早期阶段，也是痴呆早期干预的窗口期。本研究旨在探讨中国社区中患有SCD和MCI的老年人多领域生活方式与客观认知障碍之间的关联，为有效实施精准健康管理措施以降低痴呆风险提供参考。
从社区招募的265名中老年志愿者被分为SCD组（107例）、MCI组（80例）和健康对照组（HC组，78例）。所有参与者均接受临床访谈、检查和认知评估。
HC组、SCD组和MCI组的痴呆风险降低生活方式量表（DRRLS）总分[110.00（11.25）vs. 101.00（10.00）vs. 79.50（20.75）]在组间存在统计学显著差异。DRRLS总分与连线测验（TMT）呈显著负相关，与言语流畅性测验（VFT）和听觉词语学习测验（AVLT）得分均呈显著正相关（<0.05）。在调整年龄、受教育年限等混杂因素后，多元线性回归分析显示了几点。在SCD组中，健脑运动和人际关系得分与TMT得分呈负相关（β=-11.257，-15.077；均<0.05），而健康责任、吸烟控制行为和人际关系得分与AVLT得分呈正相关（β=0.485、0.344和0.406；均<0.05）。在MCI组中，健脑运动、健康饮食和人际关系与TMT呈负相关（β=-22.011，-16.206，-11.696；均<0.01），而健康责任、心理活动、吸烟控制行为、人际关系和压力管理与AVLT呈正相关（β=0.450、0.435、0.308、0.256、0.607；均<0.05）。
在中国社区，患有SCD和MCI的老年人不健康的生活方式与认知功能障碍显著相关。他们不健康的生活方式习惯越多，认知功能障碍的范围和严重程度就越明显。此外，生活方式的不同维度对认知领域有不同的影响。
