Wadsworth M E, Cripps H A, Midwinter R E, Colley J R
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1985 Nov 30;291(6508):1534-8. doi: 10.1136/bmj.291.6508.1534.
Blood pressure was measured in a birth cohort of 5362 subjects at the age of 36. The prevalence of hypertension in men (blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg) was almost twice that in women, although women received treatment more often. Deaths of fathers of subjects from hypertensive and ischaemic heart disease were associated with significantly higher mean systolic and diastolic pressures in both sexes. Cigarette smoking was not strongly associated with blood pressure in men and not associated at all in women. Of the social factors, low social class of family of origin was associated with high blood pressure in both sexes; but the strongest association was with current body mass, and birth weight also contributed. Differences in blood pressures between the sexes may have been related to protective biological factors, such as endogenous sex hormones, in women and also to differences in types of employment, smoking habits, and body mass. Differences in blood pressures related to the social class of family of origin may reflect long term influences of class differences on diet, exercise, and educational achievement. The importance of measuring secular trends in obesity and blood pressures is emphasised.
对一个由5362名受试者组成的出生队列在其36岁时测量了血压。男性高血压（血压高于140/90 mmHg）的患病率几乎是女性的两倍，尽管女性接受治疗的频率更高。受试者的父亲因高血压和缺血性心脏病死亡与两性的平均收缩压和舒张压显著升高有关。吸烟在男性中与血压的关联不强，在女性中则完全没有关联。在社会因素方面，出身家庭社会阶层低与两性的高血压有关；但最强的关联是与当前体重，出生体重也有影响。两性之间的血压差异可能与女性体内的内源性性激素等保护性生物学因素有关，也与就业类型、吸烟习惯和体重的差异有关。与出身家庭社会阶层相关的血压差异可能反映了阶层差异对饮食、运动和教育成就的长期影响。强调了测量肥胖和血压长期趋势的重要性。
