Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Auxergen Inc., Riti Rossi Colwell Center, 701 E Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Sep 14;25(18):9938. doi: 10.3390/ijms25189938.
The increasing interest in bacteriophage technology has prompted its novel applications to treat different medical conditions, most interestingly cancer. Due to their high specificity, manipulability, nontoxicity, and nanosize nature, phages are promising carriers in targeted therapy and cancer immunotherapy. This approach is particularly timely, as current challenges in cancer research include damage to healthy cells, inefficiency in targeting, obstruction by biological barriers, and drug resistance. Some cancers are being kept at the forefront of phage research, such as colorectal cancer and HCC, while others like lymphoma, cervical cancer, and myeloma have not been retouched in a decade. Common mechanisms are immunogenic antigen display on phage coats and the use of phage as transporters to carry drugs, genes, and other molecules. To date, popular phage treatments being tested are gene therapy and phage-based vaccines using M13 and λ phage, with some vaccines having advanced to human clinical trials. The results from most of these studies have been promising, but limitations in phage-based therapies such as reticuloendothelial system clearance or diffusion inefficiency must be addressed. Before phage-based therapies for cancer can be successfully used in oncology practice, more in-depth research and support from local governments are required.
对噬菌体技术日益增长的兴趣促使其被应用于治疗各种医疗状况，尤其是癌症。由于噬菌体具有高度特异性、可操作性、非毒性和纳米尺寸特性，因此它们是靶向治疗和癌症免疫治疗的有前途的载体。这种方法非常及时，因为癌症研究中的当前挑战包括对健康细胞的损伤、靶向效率低下、生物屏障的阻碍以及耐药性。一些癌症一直处于噬菌体研究的前沿，例如结直肠癌和 HCC，而其他癌症如淋巴瘤、宫颈癌和骨髓瘤在十年内都没有得到研究。常见的机制是噬菌体衣壳上免疫原性抗原的展示以及噬菌体作为载体携带药物、基因和其他分子。迄今为止，正在测试的流行噬菌体疗法是使用 M13 和 λ 噬菌体的基因治疗和噬菌体疫苗，一些疫苗已经进入人体临床试验。这些研究的结果大多数都很有希望，但噬菌体疗法必须解决诸如网状内皮系统清除或扩散效率低下等限制。在噬菌体为基础的癌症疗法可以成功地用于肿瘤学实践之前，需要来自地方政府的更深入的研究和支持。
