Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi 3290498, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Dec 30;23(1):402. doi: 10.3390/ijms23010402.
Cancer, especially the solid tumor sub-set, poses considerable challenges to modern medicine owing to the unique physiological characteristics and substantial variations in each tumor's microenvironmental niche fingerprints. Though there are many treatment methods available to treat solid tumors, still a considerable loss of life happens, due to the limitation of treatment options and the outcomes of ineffective treatments. Cancer cells evolve with chemo- or radiation-treatment strategies and later show adaptive behavior, leading to failed treatment. These challenges demand tailored and individually apt personalized treatment methods. Bacteriophages (or phages) and phage-based theragnostic vectors are gaining attention in the field of modern cancer medicine, beyond their bactericidal ability. With the invention of the latest techniques to fine-tune phages, such as in the field of genetic engineering, synthetic assembly methods, phage display, and chemical modifications, noteworthy progress in phage vector research for safe cancer application has been realized, including use in pre-clinical studies. Herein, we discuss the distinct fingerprints of solid tumor physiology and the potential for bacteriophage vectors to exploit specific tumor features for improvised tumor theragnostic applications.
癌症,尤其是实体肿瘤,由于其独特的生理特征和每个肿瘤微环境指纹的巨大差异,给现代医学带来了相当大的挑战。尽管有许多治疗方法可用于治疗实体瘤,但由于治疗选择的局限性和无效治疗的结果,仍有相当数量的生命损失。癌细胞会随着化疗或放疗策略的发展而进化,并表现出适应性行为,导致治疗失败。这些挑战需要量身定制和个体化的治疗方法。噬菌体(或噬菌体)和基于噬菌体的治疗诊断载体在现代癌症医学领域的杀菌能力之外引起了关注。随着最新技术的发明,如基因工程、合成组装方法、噬菌体展示和化学修饰等,噬菌体载体在安全癌症应用方面的研究取得了显著进展,包括在临床前研究中的应用。本文讨论了实体瘤生理学的独特特征以及噬菌体载体利用特定肿瘤特征进行改良肿瘤治疗诊断应用的潜力。
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