Department of Medical Education, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Sep 9;21(9):1193. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21091193.
This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the USA 2020 National Health Interview Survey database. The goal of this study is to outline the impact physical activity has on cognition and mental ability. The reason we chose to pursue this research was a result of the exponentially growing weight of economic and emotional burden caused by cognitive impairments and diseases. The main outcome was whether individuals experienced dementia symptoms such as memory loss and difficulty concentrating. The main exposure was following physical activity guidelines (none, strength only, aerobic only, both). The confounders included age, sex, region, heart disease status, smoking status, drinking status, and depression status. The sample is composed of 30,119 USA adults aged 18 or older. Of those participants, 46% were male and 54% were female. By age, 96% were 18-84 years old, and approximately 4% were 85 and older. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). There was a statistically significant association between difficulty following physical activity guidelines and cognitive difficulties. Those who met aerobic only increased the odds of cognitive difficulty by 52% (OR 1.52; 95% CI: 1.34-1.74) compared with those who met both criteria. Those who met the strength criteria had 1.7 greater odds of cognitive difficulties (OR 1.70; 95% CI: 1.42-2.02) than those who met both criteria. Those who met neither of these guidelines had almost threefold greater odds of having cognitive difficulties (OR 2.64; 95% CI: 2.36-2.96) than those who met both guidelines. Researchers and healthcare providers should collaborate to encourage meeting these guidelines and addressing barriers preventing people from being physically active, such as physical limitations and access to safe recreational spaces. Future studies should address the health disparities regarding physical activity.
本横断面研究使用了美国 2020 年国家健康访谈调查数据库的二级数据。本研究的目的是概述身体活动对认知和心理能力的影响。我们选择进行这项研究的原因是认知障碍和疾病造成的经济和情感负担呈指数级增长。主要结果是个体是否经历了记忆力减退和注意力集中困难等痴呆症状。主要暴露因素是遵循身体活动指南（无、仅力量、仅有氧运动、两者都有）。混杂因素包括年龄、性别、地区、心脏病状况、吸烟状况、饮酒状况和抑郁状况。样本由 30119 名年龄在 18 岁或以上的美国成年人组成。其中，46%为男性，54%为女性。按年龄计算，96%为 18-84 岁，约 4%为 85 岁及以上。使用逻辑回归分析计算比值比（ORs）和 95%置信区间（CIs）。难以遵循身体活动指南与认知困难之间存在统计学显著关联。与同时满足两项标准的人相比，仅满足有氧运动标准的人认知困难的几率增加了 52%（OR 1.52；95%CI：1.34-1.74）。符合力量标准的人认知困难的几率增加了 1.7 倍（OR 1.70；95%CI：1.42-2.02），而同时符合两项标准的人认知困难的几率增加了 1.7 倍。不符合这两项指南的人认知困难的几率几乎增加了两倍（OR 2.64；95%CI：2.36-2.96），而同时符合两项指南的人认知困难的几率增加了两倍。研究人员和医疗保健提供者应合作，鼓励遵守这些指南，并解决阻碍人们进行身体活动的障碍，如身体限制和获得安全娱乐空间。未来的研究应解决身体活动方面的健康差异问题。
