Cho Kyung-Hyun, Bahuguna Ashutosh, Kim Ji-Eun, Lee Yunki, Lee Sang Hyuk
Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024 Sep 23;17(9):1250. doi: 10.3390/ph17091250.
The current study was designed to compare in vivo efficacy between beeswax alcohol (BWA) and coenzyme Q (CoQ) to treat fatty liver changes, oxidative stress, and damages in major organs of zebrafish by 12 weeks with high-cholesterol (HC) and galactose (Gal) supplementation. At week 12, the HC control and HC+Gal control groups showed 96% and 92% survivability, respectively, while co-supplementation of the 0.5% BWA and 1.0% BWA groups exhibited 96% and 100% survivability. However, co-supplementation of the 0.5% CoQ and 1.0% CoQ groups revealed the lowest survivability, around 92% and 89%, respectively. The 0.5% BWA and 1.0% BWA groups showed 21% ( < 0.001) and 41% ( < 0.001), respectively, lower total cholesterol (TC) than the HC+Gal control, while the 1.0% CoQ group showed only 15% lower TC than the control. Interestingly, the 0.5% BWA and 1.0% BWA groups showed 22% ( < 0.001) and 38% ( < 0.001), respectively, lower triglyceride (TG) than the HC+Gal control. However, both the 0.5% CoQ and 1.0% CoQ groups showed similar TG levels as the control, suggesting that CoQ supplementation had no effect on lowering serum TG. The 1.0% BWA group showed the highest plasma HDL-C and HDL-C/TC (%) up to 3.2-fold and 5.5-fold, respectively, higher than those of the HC+Gal control, while the 1.0% CoQ group showed 2.4-fold and 2.8-fold higher plasma HDL-C and HDL-C/TC (%), respectively, than the control. The plasma aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were lowest in the 1.0% BWA group, 51% and 72%, respectively, lower than HC+Gal control, suggesting the lowest extent of hepatic damage. In hepatic tissue, neutrophil infiltration and interleukin (IL)-6 production were the lowest in the 1.0% BWA group, around 67% and 85%, respectively, lower than the HC+Gal control. Fatty liver change, cellular apoptosis, and cell senescence in hepatic tissue were remarkably lowered in the 1.0% BWA group, while the CoQ group showed much less effect than the BWA group. In kidney, ovary, and testis tissue, the 1.0% BWA group showed the lowest production of reactive oxygen species, the extent of cellular senescence, and cellular apoptosis with the healthiest cell morphology. In conclusion, supplementation of BWA remarkably protected the liver, kidney, ovary, and testis from oxidative damage by cholesterol and galactose consumption, with the least serum AST and ALT levels, inflammatory parameters, and senescence markers.
本研究旨在比较蜂蜡醇（BWA）和辅酶Q（CoQ）在补充高胆固醇（HC）和半乳糖（Gal）12周的情况下，对斑马鱼体内脂肪肝变化、氧化应激及主要器官损伤的治疗效果。在第12周时，HC对照组和HC+Gal对照组的存活率分别为96%和92%，而同时补充0.5%BWA和1.0%BWA组的存活率分别为96%和100%。然而，同时补充0.5%CoQ和1.0%CoQ组的存活率最低，分别约为92%和89%。0.5%BWA组和1.0%BWA组的总胆固醇（TC）分别比HC+Gal对照组低21%（<0.001）和41%（<0.001），而1.0%CoQ组的TC仅比对照组低15%。有趣的是，0.5%BWA组和1.0%BWA组的甘油三酯（TG）分别比HC+Gal对照组低22%（<0.001）和38%（<0.001）。然而，0.5%CoQ组和1.0%CoQ组的TG水平与对照组相似，这表明补充CoQ对降低血清TG没有作用。1.0%BWA组的血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和HDL-C/TC（%）最高，分别比HC+Gal对照组高3.2倍和5.5倍，而1.0%CoQ组的血浆HDL-C和HDL-C/TC（%）分别比对照组高2.4倍和2.8倍。1.0%BWA组的血浆天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）和丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）水平最低，分别比HC+Gal对照组低51%和72%，表明肝损伤程度最低。在肝组织中，1.0%BWA组的中性粒细胞浸润和白细胞介素（IL）-6产生最低，分别比HC+Gal对照组低约67%和85%。1.0%BWA组肝组织中的脂肪肝变化、细胞凋亡和细胞衰老显著降低，而CoQ组的效果远不如BWA组。在肾脏、卵巢和睾丸组织中，1.0%BWA组的活性氧产生、细胞衰老程度和细胞凋亡最低，细胞形态最健康。总之，补充BWA能显著保护肝脏、肾脏、卵巢和睾丸免受胆固醇和半乳糖消耗引起的氧化损伤，血清AST和ALT水平、炎症参数和衰老标志物最少。
