Kopras Bartosz, Idzikowski Filip, Bogucka Hanna
Faculty of Computing and Telecommunications, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Sep 19;24(18):6064. doi: 10.3390/s24186064.
Fog networking has become an established architecture addressing various applications with strict latency, jitter, and bandwidth constraints. Fog Nodes (FNs) allow for flexible and effective computation offloading and content distribution. However, the transmission of computational tasks, the processing of these tasks, and finally sending the results back still incur energy costs. We survey the literature on fog computing, focusing on energy consumption. We take a holistic approach and look at energy consumed by devices located in all network tiers from the things tier through the fog tier to the cloud tier, including communication links between the tiers. Furthermore, fog network modeling is analyzed with particular emphasis on application scenarios and the energy consumed for communication and computation. We perform a detailed analysis of model parameterization, which is crucial for the results presented in the surveyed works. Finally, we survey energy-saving methods, putting them into different classification systems and considering the results presented in the surveyed works. Based on our analysis, we present a classification and comparison of the fog algorithmic models, where energy is spent on communication and computation, and where delay is incurred. We also classify the scenarios examined by the surveyed works with respect to the assumed parameters. Moreover, we systematize methods used to save energy in a fog network. These methods are compared with respect to their scenarios, objectives, constraints, and decision variables. Finally, we discuss future trends in fog networking and how related technologies and economics shall trade their increasing development with energy consumption.
雾网络已成为一种成熟的架构，可用于处理具有严格延迟、抖动和带宽限制的各种应用程序。雾节点（FN）允许进行灵活且有效的计算卸载和内容分发。然而，计算任务的传输、这些任务的处理以及最终将结果发送回去仍然会产生能源成本。我们调查了关于雾计算的文献，重点关注能源消耗。我们采用整体方法，研究从物联网层到雾层再到云层的所有网络层中的设备所消耗的能源，包括各层之间的通信链路。此外，对雾网络建模进行了分析，特别强调了应用场景以及通信和计算所消耗的能源。我们对模型参数化进行了详细分析，这对于被调查文献中呈现的结果至关重要。最后，我们调查了节能方法，将它们纳入不同的分类系统，并考虑被调查文献中呈现的结果。基于我们的分析，我们对雾算法模型进行了分类和比较，分析了在哪些地方能源消耗在通信和计算上，以及在哪些地方会产生延迟。我们还根据假设参数对被调查文献所研究的场景进行了分类。此外，我们对雾网络中用于节能的方法进行了系统化整理。这些方法根据其场景、目标、约束和决策变量进行了比较。最后，我们讨论了雾网络的未来趋势，以及相关技术和经济学应如何在其不断发展与能源消耗之间进行权衡。
