Opitz-Ríos Catherine, Burgos-Pacheco Alvaro, Paredes-Cárcamo Francisca, Campanini-Salinas Javier, Medina Daniel A
Laboratorio Institucional, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt 5501842, Chile.
Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt 5501842, Chile.
Pathogens. 2024 Sep 12;13(9):788. doi: 10.3390/pathogens13090788.
Wetlands are ecosystems that are essential to ecological balance and biodiversity; nevertheless, human activity is a constant threat to them. Excess nutrients are caused by intensive livestock and agricultural operations, pollution, and population growth, which in turn leads to uncontrolled microbiological development. This impairment in water quality can constitute a risk to animal, human, and environmental health. To thoroughly characterize the microbial communities, shotgun metagenomics was used to characterize the taxonomic and functional pattern of microorganisms that inhabit urban wetlands in the Los Lagos Region of Chile. The main objective was to identify microorganisms of veterinary relevance, assess their potential antibiotic resistance, and characterize the main virulence mechanism. As expected, a high diversity of microorganisms was identified, including bacteria described as animal or human pathogens, such as , , , and . Also, a diverse repertory of antimicrobial-resistant genes (ARGs) was detected in metagenomic assembled sequences and inside the sequence of mobile genetic elements, genes that confer mainly resistance to beta-lactams, consistent with the families of antibiotics most used in Chile. In addition, a diverse collection of virulence mechanisms was also identified. Given the significance of the relationship between environmental, animal, and human health-a concept known as One Health-there is a need to establish molecular surveillance programs that monitor the environmental biohazard elements using molecular tools. This work is the first report of the presence of these harmful biological elements in urban wetlands subjected to anthropogenic pressure, located in the south of Chile.
湿地是对生态平衡和生物多样性至关重要的生态系统；然而，人类活动对它们构成持续威胁。集约化的畜牧和农业经营、污染以及人口增长导致营养物质过剩，进而引发微生物的无节制生长。水质的这种恶化会对动物、人类和环境健康构成风险。为全面描述微生物群落特征，采用鸟枪法宏基因组学来描述智利洛斯拉戈斯地区城市湿地中微生物的分类和功能模式。主要目标是识别具有兽医相关性的微生物，评估其潜在的抗生素抗性，并描述主要的毒力机制。不出所料，识别出了高度多样的微生物，包括被描述为动物或人类病原体的细菌，如 、 、 和 。此外，在宏基因组组装序列以及移动遗传元件序列中检测到了多种抗微生物抗性基因（ARG），这些基因主要赋予对β-内酰胺类抗生素的抗性，这与智利最常用的抗生素类别一致。此外，还识别出了多种毒力机制。鉴于环境、动物和人类健康之间关系的重要性——这一概念被称为“同一健康”——有必要建立分子监测计划，利用分子工具监测环境生物危害因素。这项工作是关于智利南部受到人为压力的城市湿地中存在这些有害生物元素的首次报告。
