Effectiveness of High-Protein Energy-Dense Oral Supplements on Patients with Malnutrition Using Morphofunctional Assessment with AI-Assisted Muscle Ultrasonography: A Real-World One-Arm Study.

User-friendly tools for assessing nutrition status and interventions in malnourished patients are crucial. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a personalised nutrition intervention using a novel oral nutritional supplement and AI-supported morphofunctional assessment to monitor clinical outcomes in patients with disease-related malnutrition (DRM). This prospective observational study involved patients receiving concentrated high-protein, high-calorie ONS (cHPHC-ONS), per usual clinical practice. Comprehensive assessments were performed at baseline (B) and three months (M3) post-intervention. 65 patients participated in the study. Significant decreases were observed in the percentage weight loss from B (-6.75 ± 7.5%) to M3 (0.5 ± 3.48%) ( < 0.01), in the prevalence of malnutrition (B: 93.4%; M3: 78.9%; < 0.01), severe malnutrition (B: 60.7%; M3: 40.3%; < 0.01), and sarcopenia (B: 19.4%; M3: 15.5%; < 0.04). Muscle area increased ( = 0.03), and there were changes in the echogenicity of the rectus femoris muscle ( = 0.03) from B to M3. In patients aged ≥60, an increase in muscle thickness ( = 0.04), pennation angle ( = 0.02), and handgrip strength ( = 0.04) was observed. There was a significant reduction in the prevalence of malnutrition (B0: 93.4%; M3: 78.9%; < 0.01) and severe malnutrition (B0: 60.7%; M3: 40.3%; < 0.01). In patients with DRM, a personalised intervention with cHPHC-ONS significantly reduces the prevalence of malnutrition, severe malnutrition, and sarcopenia and improves muscle mass and function.