Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
School of biological sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, United States of America.
Mol Biol Rep. 2024 Sep 28;51(1):1024. doi: 10.1007/s11033-024-09964-x.
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons. As to developing effective therapeutic interventions, it is crucial to understand the underlying mechanisms of NDs. Cellular models have become invaluable tools for studying the complex pathogenesis of NDs, offering insights into disease mechanisms, determining potential therapeutic targets, and aiding in drug discovery. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various cellular models used in ND research, focusing on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cell lines, such as SH-SY5Y and PC12 cells, have emerged as valuable tools due to their ease of use, reproducibility, and scalability. Additionally, co-culture models, involving the growth of distinct cell types like neurons and astrocytes together, are highlighted for simulating brain interactions and microenvironment. While cell lines cannot fully replicate the complexity of the human brain, they provide a scalable method for examining important aspects of neurodegenerative diseases. Advancements in cell line technologies, including the incorporation of patient-specific genetic variants and improved co-culture models, hold promise for enhancing our understanding and expediting the development of effective treatments. Integrating multiple cellular models and advanced technologies offers the potential for significant progress in unraveling the intricacies of these debilitating diseases and improving patient outcomes.
神经退行性疾病（NDs）的特征是神经元的进行性丧失。为了开发有效的治疗干预措施，了解 NDs 的潜在机制至关重要。细胞模型已成为研究 NDs 复杂发病机制的宝贵工具，为了解疾病机制、确定潜在治疗靶点和辅助药物发现提供了深入的见解。
本综述全面概述了用于 ND 研究的各种细胞模型，重点介绍了阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病和肌萎缩侧索硬化症。SH-SY5Y 和 PC12 细胞等细胞系由于其易用性、可重复性和可扩展性而成为有价值的工具。此外，还强调了涉及神经元和星形胶质细胞等不同细胞类型共同生长的共培养模型，以模拟大脑相互作用和微环境。
虽然细胞系不能完全复制人类大脑的复杂性，但它们为研究神经退行性疾病的重要方面提供了可扩展的方法。细胞系技术的进步，包括纳入患者特异性遗传变异和改进的共培养模型，有望增强我们的理解并加速有效治疗方法的开发。整合多种细胞模型和先进技术有可能在揭示这些使人衰弱的疾病的复杂性和改善患者预后方面取得重大进展。
