Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; The Fralin Life Science Institute Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Center of Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; The Global Change Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2024 Dec;66:101273. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101273. Epub 2024 Sep 26.
While much research has centered on mosquitoes transmitting pathogens to mammals and birds, several species feed on cold-blooded hosts, including amphibians, reptiles, fish, and various invertebrates. Despite limited knowledge about these alternative feeding habits, delving into their biology offers valuable insights into the evolutionary origins of blood feeding and aids in developing comprehensive epidemiological models for vector-borne diseases. This review sheds light on these 'alternative' hosts, highlighting recent discoveries in this field and probing into the evolutionary theories surrounding blood feeding in mosquitoes. Additionally, we delve into the host-seeking cues used by ectotherm-feeding mosquitoes and the physiological and mechanical challenges inherent in feeding on cold-blooded animals, contrasting them with endotherm-feeding mosquitoes. Finally, we examine the pathogens these mosquitoes can transmit. While our understanding of mosquitoes with alternative hosts remains incomplete, this review synthesizes existing knowledge, offering insights into the biology and ecology of mosquito species that target cold-blooded hosts.
虽然许多研究都集中在蚊子将病原体传播给哺乳动物和鸟类上，但也有一些物种以冷血宿主为食，包括两栖动物、爬行动物、鱼类和各种无脊椎动物。尽管对这些替代饮食习惯的了解有限，但深入研究它们的生物学可以为血液摄取的进化起源提供有价值的见解，并有助于为媒介传播疾病开发全面的流行病学模型。本文综述了这些“替代”宿主，强调了该领域的最新发现，并探讨了蚊子血液摄取的进化理论。此外，我们还研究了外温动物取食蚊子所使用的宿主寻找线索，以及在以冷血动物为食时所固有的生理和机械挑战，并将其与内温动物取食蚊子进行了对比。最后，我们检查了这些蚊子可以传播的病原体。虽然我们对具有替代宿主的蚊子的了解还不完整，但本文综述了现有的知识，深入了解了以冷血宿主为目标的蚊子物种的生物学和生态学。
