Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
Institute of Computer Science, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Poland.
Nanomedicine. 2024 Nov;62:102788. doi: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102788. Epub 2024 Sep 26.
Atherosclerotic carotid stenosis (ACS) is a recognized risk factor for ischemic stroke. Currently, the gold diagnostic standard is Doppler ultrasound, the results of which do not provide certainty whether a given person should be qualified for surgery or not, because in some patients, carotid artery stenosis, for example at the level of 70 %, does not cause ischemic stroke in others yes. Therefore, there is a need for new methods that will clearly indicate the marker qualifying the patient for surgery. In this article we used Fourier Transform InfraRed Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectra of serum collected from healthy and patients suffering from ACS, which had surgery were analyzed by machine learning and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine chemical differences and spectroscopy marker of ACS. PCA demonstrated clearly differentiation between serum collected from healthy and non-healthy patients. Obtained results showed that in serum collected from ACS patients, higher absorbances of PO stretching symmetric, CH and CH symmetric and asymmetric and amide I vibrations were noticed than in control group. Moreover, lack of peak at 1106 cm was observed in spectrum of serum from non-control group. As a result of spectral shifts analysis was found that the most important role in distinguishing between healthy and unhealthy patients is played by FTIR ranges caused by vibrations of PO phospholipids, amides III, II and CO lipid vibrations. Continuing, peaks at 1636 cm and 2963 cm were proposed as a potential spectroscopy markers of ACS. Finally, accuracy of obtained results higher than 90 % suggested, that FTIR-ATR can be used as an additional diagnostic tool in ACS qualifying for surgery.
动脉粥样硬化性颈动脉狭窄（ACS）是缺血性中风的公认危险因素。目前，金标准诊断是多普勒超声，其结果并不能确定给定的人是否有资格进行手术，因为在一些患者中，例如，颈动脉狭窄程度为 70%，但在其他人中不会引起缺血性中风。因此，需要新的方法来明确指出使患者有资格进行手术的标志物。在本文中，我们使用了从健康人和 ACS 患者中采集的血清的傅里叶变换衰减全反射（FTIR-ATR）光谱，通过机器学习和主成分分析（PCA）对其进行分析，以确定 ACS 的化学差异和光谱标志物。PCA 清楚地表明了健康和非健康患者血清之间的分化。获得的结果表明，在 ACS 患者的血清中，PO 对称伸缩、CH 和 CH 对称和不对称以及酰胺 I 振动的吸收更高，而在对照组中则较低。此外，在非对照组的光谱中观察到 1106 cm 处的峰缺失。由于光谱位移分析发现，区分健康和不健康患者的最重要的作用是由 PO 磷脂、酰胺 III、II 和 CO 脂质振动引起的 FTIR 范围产生的。进一步的，在 1636 cm 和 2963 cm 处的峰值被提议作为 ACS 的潜在光谱标志物。最后，获得的结果的准确率高于 90%，表明 FTIR-ATR 可以用作 ACS 手术资格的附加诊断工具。
