Shi Yajie, Wang Linying, Zhang Junyan, Zhao Junkang, Peng Juyi, Cui Xianmei, Li Wanling
Department of nursing, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China.
Department of clinical epidemiology and evidence-based medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China.
BMC Nurs. 2024 Sep 29;23(1):701. doi: 10.1186/s12912-024-02327-8.
The nursing profession is characterized by high intensity and significant stress. Nurses must not only manage heavy workloads but also address diverse patient needs, engage in emotional labor, and cope with occupational exposure risks. These factors collectively contribute to substantial work-related stress for nurses. Currently, there is limited research on identifying distinct categories of nurse stress profiles and their influencing factors.
This study aimed to explore the potential categories of perceived stress among nurses using Latent profile analysis (LPA) and to analyze the influence of sociodemographic factors, effort-reward imbalance, and perceived organizational support on perceived stress categories.
Cross-sectional study METHODS: Data were collected via electronic surveys from 696 nurses in Shanxi Province, China, from February 18 to 28, 2023. The survey parameters included sociodemographic characteristics, nurse job stressors scale, effort-reward imbalance scale, and perceived organizational support scale. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to classify the perceived stress levels of nurses, and disordered multi-classification logistic regression was used to identify the influencing factors.
The most suitable model was a three-profile model, comprising the "low perceived stress" group (10.5%), "moderate perceived stress" group (66.7%), and "high perceived stress" group (22.8%). Multi-classification logistic regression analysis showed that average working hours per day (OR = 3.022, p = 0.026), extrinsic effort (C2 vs. C1, OR = 1.589, p < 0.001; C3 vs. C1, OR = 2.515, p < 0.001), and perceived organizational support (C2 vs. C1, OR = 0.853, p < 0.001; C3 vs. C1, OR = 0.753, p < 0.001) were the factors influencing the classification of nurses' perceived stress.
Latent profile analysis revealed that nurses' perceived stress exhibits distinct characteristics. It is recommended that clinical administrators should identify these characteristics and the influencing factors of different nurse categories, and adopt targeted intervention strategies to reduce the levels of perceived stress.
护理职业具有高强度和巨大压力的特点。护士不仅要应对繁重的工作量，还要满足患者的各种需求，进行情感劳动，并应对职业暴露风险。这些因素共同给护士带来了巨大的工作相关压力。目前，关于确定护士压力状况的不同类别及其影响因素的研究有限。
本研究旨在使用潜在剖面分析（LPA）探索护士感知压力的潜在类别，并分析社会人口学因素、努力-回报失衡和感知组织支持对感知压力类别的影响。
横断面研究
于2023年2月18日至28日通过电子调查收集了中国山西省696名护士的数据。调查参数包括社会人口学特征、护士工作压力源量表、努力-回报失衡量表和感知组织支持量表。使用潜在剖面分析（LPA）对护士的感知压力水平进行分类，并使用无序多分类逻辑回归来确定影响因素。
最合适的模型是三剖面模型，包括“低感知压力”组（10.5%）、“中度感知压力”组（66.7%）和“高感知压力”组（22.8%）。多分类逻辑回归分析表明，每天平均工作时长（OR = 3.022，p = 0.026）、外在努力（C2与C1相比，OR = 1.589，p < 0.001；C3与C1相比，OR = 2.515，p < 0.001）以及感知组织支持（C2与C1相比，OR = 0.853，p < 0.001；C3与C1相比，OR = 0.753，p < 0.001）是影响护士感知压力分类的因素。
潜在剖面分析表明，护士的感知压力具有明显特征。建议临床管理人员应识别这些特征以及不同护士类别的影响因素，并采取针对性的干预策略来降低感知压力水平。
