Huang Zhen-Peng, Huang Fang, Liang Qun, Liao Feng-Zhen, Tang Chuan-Zhuang, Luo Min-Lan, Lu Si-Lan, Lian Jing-Jing, Li Shan-E, Wei Su-Qiao, Wu Bin
Faculty of Nursing, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
Department of Neonatology, Nanning Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, China.
BMC Nurs. 2023 Jun 26;22(1):218. doi: 10.1186/s12912-023-01380-z.
Neonatal nurses' working environments are highly stressful, and burnout is common. This study examines the effect of socioeconomic factors, perceived stress, and social support on neonatal nurse burnout.
A total of 311 neonatal nurses participated in this study. They were administered a validated Maslach Burnout Inventory. The study employed a 14-item perceived stress scale (PSS-14) and a social support rate scale (SSRS) to examine stress, socioeconomic factors, and lifestyles.
Of the neonatal nurses, 40.19% had burnout, 89.60% had mild burnout, and 10.40% had moderate burnout; no neonatal nurse experienced severe burnout. Young nurses and those with low technical skills, poor interpersonal relationships, irregular diet, and insufficient rest were exposed to burnout (all p < 0.05).Most burnout nurses experienced moderate-severe perceived stress, and their PSS-14 scores were higher (all p < 0.05).The scores for objective social support, subjective social support, utilization of social support, total SSRS scores, and the level of social support were all lower in burnout nurses (all p < 0.05). Perceived stress was correlated positively and significantly with emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment (all p < 0.05). Social support correlated significantly with and reduced personal accomplishments (p < 0.05). Age, poor interpersonal relationships, perceived stress, and social support were all independent factors associated with neonatal nurse burnout (all p < 0.05).
The prevalence of burnout in neonatal nurses was higher than average. Socioeconomic factors, higher perceived stress, and lower social support contribute to neonatal nurse burnout. Nursing managers should pay attention to socioeconomic factors, perceived stress, and social support among neonatal nurses and employ strategies to reduce neonatal nurse burnout.
新生儿护士的工作环境压力极大，职业倦怠很常见。本研究探讨社会经济因素、感知压力和社会支持对新生儿护士职业倦怠的影响。
共有311名新生儿护士参与了本研究。他们接受了一份经过验证的马氏职业倦怠量表。该研究采用了一个包含14个项目的感知压力量表（PSS - 14）和一个社会支持率量表（SSRS）来考察压力、社会经济因素和生活方式。
在新生儿护士中，40.19%存在职业倦怠，89.60%有轻度职业倦怠，10.40%有中度职业倦怠；没有新生儿护士经历严重职业倦怠。年轻护士以及技术技能低、人际关系差、饮食不规律和休息不足的护士更容易出现职业倦怠（所有p < 0.05）。大多数有职业倦怠的护士经历了中度至重度的感知压力，且他们的PSS - 14得分更高（所有p < 0.05）。有职业倦怠的护士在客观社会支持、主观社会支持、社会支持利用度、SSRS总分以及社会支持水平方面的得分均较低（所有p < 0.05）。感知压力与情感耗竭和个人成就感呈显著正相关（所有p < 0.05）。社会支持与个人成就感显著相关并降低了个人成就感（p < 0.05）。年龄、人际关系差、感知压力和社会支持都是与新生儿护士职业倦怠相关的独立因素（所有p < 0.05）。
新生儿护士职业倦怠的患病率高于平均水平。社会经济因素、较高的感知压力和较低的社会支持导致了新生儿护士的职业倦怠。护理管理者应关注新生儿护士的社会经济因素、感知压力和社会支持，并采取策略减少新生儿护士的职业倦怠。
