The Rise of Ophthalmology as a Specialty: Albrecht von Graefe's Pioneering Contributions.

Albrecht von Graefe (1828-1870) is celebrated as a pivotal figure in the evolution of ophthalmology. He is renowned for his transformative contributions that established the field as a distinct medical specialty separate from general surgery. This biography review delves into von Graefe's pioneering efforts that reshaped ophthalmology, highlighting his innovations and establishing fundamental practices that define modern ophthalmic care. von Graefe's introduction of iridectomy for glaucoma, development of specialized surgical instruments, and advocacy for the use of the ophthalmoscope marked significant advancements in treating eye disorders. Additionally, his role in founding the first ophthalmological society and journal underscored his commitment to creating a structured, scientific approach to the field. Through meticulous examination of his work and its impact, this article underscores how von Graefe's pioneering spirit and dedication fostered the growth of ophthalmology into an independent and respected medical specialty.