Gaur Shubhi, Parihar Pratap S, Nimodia Devyansh
Department of Radiodiagnosis, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Aug 30;16(8):e68206. doi: 10.7759/cureus.68206. eCollection 2024 Aug.
, the pig tapeworm, produces larvae that cause cysticercosis, a common parasitic disease of the human nervous system including the brain. The disease is native to countries like Central and South America, Eastern Europe, Africa, India, and Indonesia. Cysticercosis is endemic in North India, particularly in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Punjab. Asymptomatic cysts may have a history of trauma, while lower extremity involvement is less common. Isolated muscle involvement typically has no lethal consequences. Two cases, both pediatric, were diagnosed with intramuscular cysticercosis without involvement of the brain parenchyma. The patients received oral prednisolone therapy for seven days, followed by albendazole for 28 days. The swellings decreased in size and no new swellings or symptoms appeared during the two- and four-week follow-ups. At a three-month follow-up, the swellings completely resolved. Neurocysticercosis is a commonly encountered infection of the human central nervous system and one of the major causes of acquired epilepsy globally. Most cases are asymptomatic and go undiagnosed, with the first case likely due to trauma. Diagnosis is often delayed or overlooked due to vague clinical symptoms. Clinical differential diagnoses for intramuscular cysticercosis include lipomas, epidermoid cysts, neuromas, neurofibromas, pseudoganglia, sarcomas, myxomas, pyomyositis, cold abscess, and tuberculous lymphadenitis. High-resolution ultrasound is the most accurate method for diagnosing intramuscular cysticercosis, as it is quick, simple, and less expensive. Muscular cysticercosis sonographic patterns can be categorized into four types: first degree, uneven, irregular, and calcified. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most accurate way to diagnose intramuscular cysticercosis, as it can show live scolex, cysts, and degenerating cysts. In every case, there is edema to varied degrees, with fluid-filled lesions without peripheral enhancement visible in early stages and peripheral rim augmentation and perilesional edema observed in later stages.
猪带绦虫会产生幼虫，导致囊尾蚴病，这是一种常见的人类神经系统寄生虫病，包括脑部感染。该病原产于中美洲、南美洲、东欧、非洲、印度和印度尼西亚等国家。囊尾蚴病在印度北部流行，尤其是在比哈尔邦、北方邦和旁遮普邦。无症状囊肿可能有外伤史，而下肢受累较少见。孤立的肌肉受累通常没有致命后果。有两例儿科患者被诊断为肌肉囊尾蚴病，未累及脑实质。患者接受了为期七天的口服泼尼松龙治疗，随后服用阿苯达唑28天。肿胀大小减小，在两周和四周的随访中未出现新的肿胀或症状。在三个月的随访中，肿胀完全消退。神经囊尾蚴病是人类中枢神经系统常见的感染，也是全球获得性癫痫的主要原因之一。大多数病例无症状且未被诊断，首例病例可能与外伤有关。由于临床症状模糊，诊断往往延迟或被忽视。肌肉囊尾蚴病的临床鉴别诊断包括脂肪瘤、表皮样囊肿、神经瘤、神经纤维瘤、假神经节、肉瘤、黏液瘤、脓性肌炎、寒性脓肿和结核性淋巴结炎。高分辨率超声是诊断肌肉囊尾蚴病最准确的方法，因为它快速、简单且成本较低。肌肉囊尾蚴病的超声图像模式可分为四种类型：一度、不均匀、不规则和钙化。磁共振成像（MRI）是诊断肌肉囊尾蚴病最准确的方法，因为它可以显示活的头节、囊肿和退化的囊肿。在每种情况下，都有不同程度的水肿，早期可见无周边强化的液性病变，后期可见周边边缘强化和病灶周围水肿。
