Hemodialysis Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection Caused by : Report of Two Cases and Literature Review.

Species of are mainly environmental strains and plant pathogens, rarely causing human infections. Here, we describe two cases of hemodialysis catheter-related bloodstream infection caused by in patients with uremia. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of catheter related bloodstream infection caused by () in hemodialysis patients, as well as the first case of bloodstream infection caused by (). Multiple blood cultures from the catheter showed the presence of , and the isolated and were found to be highly sensitive to various antibiotics. Prompt use of antibiotics and catheter lock with gentamicin or amikacin led to rapid recovery of the patients, avoiding the economic burden of catheter replacement. Infections caused by might be underestimated as methods such as VITEK MS system often result in misidentification. Therefore, we recommend using advanced techniques such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) or 16S ribosomal RNA analysis to detect more cases of infections. By sharing these cases, we hope to increase awareness among clinicians about the potential pathogenicity of in hemodialysis patients. It is crucial to strengthen noting the primary concern for sources of infection with species (plant and environmental exposures) to prevent outbreaks of -related bloodstream infections in hospitals.