Department of Psychology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada.
PLoS One. 2024 Sep 30;19(9):e0311295. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311295. eCollection 2024.
Decision-making in the real world involves multiple abilities. The main goal of the current study was to examine the abilities underlying the Preschool Gambling task (PGT), a preschool variant of the Iowa Gambling task (IGT), in the context of an integrative decision-making framework. Preschoolers (n = 144) were given the PGT along with four novel decision-making tasks assessing either decision-making under ambiguity or decision-making under risk. Results indicated that the ability to learn from feedback, to maintain a stable preference, and to integrate losses and gains contributed to the variance in decision-making on the PGT. Furthermore, children's awareness level on the PGT contributed additional variance, suggesting both implicit and explicit processes are involved. The results partially support the integrative decision-making framework and suggest that multiple abilities contribute to individual differences in decision-making on the PGT.
现实世界中的决策涉及多种能力。本研究的主要目的是在综合决策框架的背景下，考察学前赌博任务（PGT）——爱荷华赌博任务（IGT）的学前变体——所涉及的能力。研究给 144 名学龄前儿童进行了 PGT 测试，以及四项新的决策任务，评估在模糊条件下或风险条件下的决策。结果表明，从反馈中学习、保持稳定偏好以及整合损失和收益的能力有助于解释 PGT 决策的差异。此外，儿童在 PGT 上的意识水平也会产生额外的差异，这表明内隐和外显过程都参与其中。研究结果部分支持了综合决策框架，并表明多种能力有助于 PGT 决策中的个体差异。
