Vaziri Yashar
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sarab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sarab, Iran.
Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2024 Dec;64:160-167. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.09.020. Epub 2024 Sep 28.
Recent studies have explored the impact of lifestyle, particularly diet, on cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. The Mediterranean diet has emerged as a potential safeguard, with observational studies indicating it might help defend against cognitive disorders. High adherence is linked with lower cognitive impairment risk, while low adherence elevates the risk for AD. Though these studies suggest connections between the Mediterranean diet and reduced cognitive decline or AD, they do not establish causality. Potential mechanisms might involve vascular factors, glucose/lipid metabolism, and anti-inflammatory effects. Specific Mediterranean diet components like vegetables, fruits, legumes, cereals, fish, and monounsaturated fats might contribute to cognitive benefits. Large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to ascertain the diet's influence on AD and cognitive health. Currently, the Mediterranean diet cannot be definitively named as a preventive strategy for AD due to insufficient evidence. More research is essential to identify key ingredients and processes that might have preventive effects on AD. In summary, while the Mediterranean diet shows promise against cognitive decline and AD, further research is needed.
最近的研究探讨了生活方式，尤其是饮食，对认知能力下降和阿尔茨海默病（AD）风险的影响。地中海饮食已成为一种潜在的保护因素，观察性研究表明它可能有助于预防认知障碍。高依从性与较低的认知障碍风险相关，而低依从性则会增加患AD的风险。尽管这些研究表明地中海饮食与认知能力下降或AD的减少之间存在联系，但它们并未确立因果关系。潜在机制可能涉及血管因素、葡萄糖/脂质代谢和抗炎作用。地中海饮食中的特定成分，如蔬菜、水果、豆类、谷物、鱼类和单不饱和脂肪，可能有助于改善认知功能。需要进行大规模随机对照试验，以确定饮食对AD和认知健康的影响。目前，由于证据不足，地中海饮食不能被明确地称为AD的预防策略。更多的研究对于确定可能对AD有预防作用的关键成分和过程至关重要。总之，虽然地中海饮食对认知能力下降和AD显示出前景，但仍需要进一步研究。
