Chu Heling, Huang Chuyi, Xie Fang, Guo Qihao
Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Health Management Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2025 May;12(5):100076. doi: 10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100076. Epub 2025 Jan 30.
The identification of the modifiable lifestyle factors including dietary habits in older adults of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) and early effective interventions are of great importance.
We studied whether the consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits was different between cognitively unimpaired (CU) and cognitively impaired (CI) population and mainly investigated the associations between vegetable and fruit consumption and PET and plasma AD biomarkers in older CU adults with higher β-amyloid (Aβ) burden.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Older adults with the age of 50-85 years were enrolled for a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. The groups depended on whether the participants were CU or CI. Partial participants whose habits remained unchanged were followed up.
The consumption data of vegetables and fruits were collected using a validated self-reported questionnaire. We mainly investigated the associations between vegetable and fruit consumption and various biomarkers in CU participants with positive F-florbetapir PET scan (Aβ-PET), part of whom also underwent plasma AD biomarkers tests and F-MK6240 PET scan (tau-PET). Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between vegetable and fruit consumption and AD biomarkers.
A total of 1433 participants were enrolled, of which CU accounted for 49.4 %. Most of the intake habits of vegetables and fruits was different between CU and CI participants. 177 CU participants with Aβ-PET positive were selected for the following study. Multiple linear regression analysis showed higher consumption of fresh vegetables (>200 g/d), dark vegetables (>100 g/d, ≥2d/week), fruits (>100 g/d), berries (>100 g/d) and grapes (>100 g/d) more or less had associations with the plasma biomarkers including Aβ40, t-Tau, p-Tau-181 and neurofilament light chain as well as amyloid and Tau PET biomarkers. Most of the habits were associated with the change of cognitive function after an approximately two-year follow-up. Especially, higher intakes of fruits and grapes correlated with both lower Aβ and Tau burden and inversely with cognitive decline after follow-up.
Our data indicates that higher consumption of vegetables, dark vegetables, fruits, berries and grapes is associated with amyloid and Tau PET and plasma biomarkers in preclinical AD participants and the changes of cognitive function after follow-up. Higher intakes of fruits (>100 g/d) and grapes (>100 g/d) may be more helpful for reducing the risk of AD development.
识别可改变的生活方式因素，包括临床前阿尔茨海默病（AD）老年人群的饮食习惯，并进行早期有效干预至关重要。
我们研究了认知未受损（CU）和认知受损（CI）人群之间新鲜蔬菜和水果的摄入量是否存在差异，并主要调查了蔬菜和水果摄入量与β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）负担较高的老年CU成年人的PET和血浆AD生物标志物之间的关联。
设计、地点和参与者：招募了年龄在50 - 85岁的老年人进行横断面和纵向研究。分组取决于参与者是CU还是CI。对部分饮食习惯保持不变的参与者进行随访。
使用经过验证的自我报告问卷收集蔬菜和水果的摄入数据。我们主要研究了蔬菜和水果摄入量与F-氟代苯并噻唑啉酮PET扫描阳性（Aβ-PET）的CU参与者中各种生物标志物之间的关联，其中部分参与者还进行了血浆AD生物标志物检测和F-MK6240 PET扫描（tau-PET）。采用相关性和多元线性回归分析来研究蔬菜和水果摄入量与AD生物标志物之间的关联。
共招募了1433名参与者，其中CU占49.4%。CU和CI参与者在蔬菜和水果的大多数摄入习惯上存在差异。选择了177名Aβ-PET阳性的CU参与者进行后续研究。多元线性回归分析显示，较高的新鲜蔬菜摄入量（>200克/天）、深色蔬菜摄入量（>100克/天，≥2天/周）、水果摄入量（>100克/天）、浆果摄入量（>100克/天）和葡萄摄入量（>100克/天）或多或少与血浆生物标志物包括Aβ40、总tau蛋白（t-Tau）、磷酸化tau蛋白-181（p-Tau-181）和神经丝轻链以及淀粉样蛋白和Tau PET生物标志物有关。在大约两年的随访后，大多数习惯与认知功能的变化有关。特别是，较高的水果和葡萄摄入量与较低的Aβ和Tau负担相关，且与随访后的认知衰退呈负相关。
我们的数据表明，在临床前AD参与者中，较高的蔬菜、深色蔬菜、水果、浆果和葡萄摄入量与淀粉样蛋白和Tau PET及血浆生物标志物以及随访后的认知功能变化有关。较高的水果摄入量（>100克/天）和葡萄摄入量（>100克/天）可能更有助于降低AD发病风险。
