School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India.
Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2024 Sep 30;196(10):988. doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-13120-0.
The forecasted global population growth is poised to create a greater exigency for livestock-derived food production, leading to a significant waste generation from the industrial-scale livestock operations, which necessitates to develop sustainable waste management solutions. The heightened demand for livestock and dairy products has driven a surge in cow waste (CW) production. While CW is typically used as organic fertilizer or solid fuel, improper disposal poses potential environmental hazards. Anaerobic digestion and composting transform CW into valuable products, such as biofuels and organic fertilizers, with the potential for electricity and heat generation, biochar production, and advanced friction materials. The CW contains essential inorganic and organic compounds vital for plant functions, including lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, nitrogen, and minerals such as potassium, sulfur, iron, magnesium, copper, cobalt, and manganese. Additionally, the rich microbial diversity in cow dung drives the production of bioenergy carriers like biomethane and biohydrogen, promoting cost-effective energy generation and environmental sustainability. This review employs bibliometric analysis to explore the latest trends in CW applications, with a particular focus on innovative applications such as cellulose extraction, biochar production, microbial fuel cells, and nanoparticle synthesis. It further evaluates the environmental impacts of these technologies and assesses their potential to advance sustainable and cleaner frontiers in the valorization of CW.
预计全球人口增长将对畜牧业食品生产提出更高的要求，导致工业规模畜牧业运营产生大量废物，因此需要开发可持续的废物管理解决方案。对畜牧业和奶制品的需求增加，导致牛粪（CW）的产量激增。虽然 CW 通常用作有机肥料或固体燃料，但如果处理不当，可能会对环境造成潜在危害。厌氧消化和堆肥可将 CW 转化为有价值的产品，如生物燃料和有机肥料，同时还具有发电和供热、生物炭生产以及先进摩擦材料的潜力。CW 中含有对植物功能至关重要的无机和有机化合物，包括木质素、纤维素、半纤维素、氮以及钾、硫、铁、镁、铜、钴和锰等矿物质。此外，牛粪中丰富的微生物多样性促进了生物能源载体如生物甲烷和生物氢气的生产，从而推动了具有成本效益的能源生产和环境可持续性。本综述采用文献计量分析方法探讨了 CW 应用的最新趋势，特别关注纤维素提取、生物炭生产、微生物燃料电池和纳米颗粒合成等创新应用。进一步评估了这些技术的环境影响，并评估了它们在 CW 增值方面推进可持续和清洁前沿的潜力。
