Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Clin Transl Med. 2024 Oct;14(10):e70036. doi: 10.1002/ctm2.70036.
Solid tumours exhibit a well-defined architecture, comprising a differentiated core and a dynamic border that interfaces with the surrounding tissue. This border, characterised by distinct cellular morphology and molecular composition, serves as a critical determinant of the tumour's invasive behaviour. Notably, the invasive border of the primary tumour represents the principal site for intravasation of metastatic cells. These cells, known as circulating tumour cells (CTCs), function as 'seeds' for distant dissemination and display remarkable heterogeneity. Advancements in spatial sequencing technology are progressively unveiling the spatial biological features of tumours. However, systematic investigations specifically targeting the characteristics of the tumour border remain scarce. In this comprehensive review, we illuminate key biological insights along the tumour body-border-haematogenous metastasis axis over the past five years. We delineate the distinctive landscape of tumour invasion boundaries and delve into the intricate heterogeneity and phenotype of CTCs, which orchestrate haematogenous metastasis. These insights have the potential to explain the basis of tumour invasion and distant metastasis, offering new perspectives for the development of more complex and precise clinical interventions and treatments.
实体瘤表现出明确的结构，包括分化核心和与周围组织相互作用的动态边界。这个边界以独特的细胞形态和分子组成为特征，是肿瘤侵袭行为的关键决定因素。值得注意的是，原发性肿瘤的侵袭边界是转移细胞内渗的主要部位。这些细胞被称为循环肿瘤细胞（CTCs），作为远处播散的“种子”，表现出显著的异质性。空间测序技术的进步正在逐步揭示肿瘤的空间生物学特征。然而，针对肿瘤边界特征的系统研究仍然很少。在这篇全面的综述中，我们阐述了过去五年中沿肿瘤体-边界-血源性转移轴的关键生物学见解。我们描绘了肿瘤侵袭边界的独特景观，并深入探讨了协调血源性转移的 CTCs 的复杂异质性和表型。这些见解有可能解释肿瘤侵袭和远处转移的基础，为更复杂和精确的临床干预和治疗的发展提供新的视角。
