Qi Jiawen, Yu Bing, Hu Youjun, Luo Yuheng, Zheng Ping, Mao Xiangbing, Yu Jie, Zhao Xiaonan, He Taiqian, Yan Hui, Wu Aimin, He Jun
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Sep 16;11:1430696. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1430696. eCollection 2024.
Benzoic acid (BA) could be added to the diets of weaned pigs to prevent diarrhea due to its antibacterial function. However, BA may be absorbed or decomposed before it can reach the hindgut. This study was conducted to explore the effect of a novel coated benzoic acid (CBA) on growth performance, immunity, and intestinal barrier functions in weaned pigs upon enterotoxigenic (ETEC) challenge.
In a 21d experiment, 32 piglets were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: (1) a basal diet (CON), (2) CON added with CBA at 3 g/kg (CBA); (3) CON and challenged by ETEC (ECON); (4) CON added with CBA at 3 g/kg and challenged by ETEC (ECON). On d 22, all piglets were euthanised to obtain samples.
Dietary CBA supplementation elevated the average daily gain (ADG) of the ETEC-challenged pigs ( < 0.05). CBA also improved the digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, and ash ( < 0.05). Moreover, CBA elevated the ratio of blood basophil and the serum concentration of total cholesterol of the ETEC challenged pigs ( < 0.05). Importantly, CBA increased the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and IgM ( < 0.05). CBA not only decreased the crypt depth but also increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V:C) in the jejunum and ileum ( < 0.05). Moreover, CBA increased the activities of jejunal and ileal sucrase, and the activities of duodenal and ileal maltase ( < 0.05). Importantly, CBA elevated the expression levels of critical functional genes such as the claudin-1, occluding, glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2), and sodium/glucose cotransporter-1 (SGLT-1) in the jejunal epithelium upon ETEC challenge ( < 0.05). Additionally, CBA increased the abundances of total bacteria and , and increased the concentrations of volatile fatty acids (acetic acid, propanoic acid, and butyric acid) in cecum ( < 0.05).
These results suggested a beneficial role for CBA in alleviating intestinal injury in weaned pigs following ETEC challenge. Such effects may be tightly associated with elevated immunity and improved intestinal epithelium functions and microbiota.
苯甲酸（BA）可添加到断奶仔猪日粮中，因其抗菌功能可预防腹泻。然而，BA在到达后肠之前可能会被吸收或分解。本研究旨在探讨新型包被苯甲酸（CBA）对断奶仔猪在产肠毒素大肠杆菌（ETEC）攻毒后生长性能、免疫力和肠道屏障功能的影响。
在一项为期21天的实验中，32头仔猪被随机分为4组处理：（1）基础日粮（CON）；（2）在CON中添加3 g/kg CBA（CBA）；（3）CON并接受ETEC攻毒（ECON）；（4）在CON中添加3 g/kg CBA并接受ETEC攻毒（ECON）。在第22天，所有仔猪实施安乐死以获取样本。
日粮中添加CBA提高了ETEC攻毒仔猪的平均日增重（ADG）（P<0.05）。CBA还提高了干物质、总能和灰分的消化率（P<0.05）。此外，CBA提高了ETEC攻毒仔猪血液嗜碱性粒细胞比例和血清总胆固醇浓度（P<0.05）。重要的是，CBA增加了血清免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、IgG和IgM的浓度（P<0.05）。CBA不仅降低了空肠和回肠的隐窝深度，还增加了绒毛高度与隐窝深度之比（V:C）（P<0.05）。此外，CBA增加了空肠和回肠蔗糖酶的活性，以及十二指肠和回肠麦芽糖酶的活性（P<0.05）。重要的是，在ETEC攻毒后，CBA提高了空肠上皮中关键功能基因如闭合蛋白-1、闭合蛋白、葡萄糖转运蛋白-2（GLUT2）和钠/葡萄糖协同转运蛋白-1（SGLT-1）的表达水平（P<0.05）。此外，CBA增加了盲肠中总细菌和[具体细菌名称未给出]丰度，并增加了挥发性脂肪酸（乙酸、丙酸和丁酸）的浓度（P<0.05）。
这些结果表明CBA在减轻ETEC攻毒后断奶仔猪肠道损伤方面具有有益作用。这种作用可能与免疫力提高、肠道上皮功能改善和微生物群有关。
